白洋淀湿地表层土壤主要环境元素分布特征及来源  

Distribution characteristics and source of the main environmental elements in the surface soil of Lake Baiyangdian wetlands

作　　者：刘雪松[1] 王雨山[1] 王旭清[1] 尹德超[1] Liu Xuesong;Wang Yushan;Wang Xuqing;Yin Dechao(Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Survey Center of CGS,Baoding 071051,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心,保定071051

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2022年第2期496-505,共10页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：中国地质调查局白洋淀地区生态地质调查项目(DD20190300)资助.

摘　　要：白洋淀是雄安新区生态共同体的重要组成部分,在“白洋淀生态环境治理和保护规划”中,淀区内纯水村和耕地将被淹没,而上述陆地的土壤环境元素分布特征及来源仍缺乏系统调查和分析.本文以淀区内现有0~20 cm土壤为研究对象,以环境元素As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn、N、P和土壤类型、质地为研究要素,以统计描述、方差分析、相关分析和因子分析为研究手段对淀区内土壤主要环境元素分布特征和来源进行刻画和分析.结果表明:淀区主要环境元素在不同土地类型的差异性分布是大气沉降和人类工农业活动综合作用的结果.除元素P外,其余环境元素的淀区背景值均高于区域背景值,呈富集趋势.大部分元素趋向于在农用地富集,在水田的富集最为突出,Hg元素则更易在村镇用地富集.淀区内土壤主要环境元素来源分3种类型:大气沉降型,代表元素为Ni、Cr、As、Pb、Cu和Cd,主要来自区域燃煤烟气的沉降输入;农业输入型,代表元素为P、N、Hg、Cd、Pb,主要来自本地农业施肥和人类生活垃圾输入;工业叠加型,代表元素为Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb,主要来自大气沉降和淀区临近的小冶炼的排放叠加,其中Pb、Cd、Cu为综合输入方式.Lake Baiyangdian is an important part of Xiongan s ecological community.In the“Lake Baiyangdian Ecological Environment Management and Protection Plan”,water villages and farmland in Lake Baiyangdian will be submerged.The survey and analysis of soil environmental elements are still rare on the lands in Lake Baiyangdian.This paper takes the 0-20 cm soil of Lake Baiyangdian s lands to examine the pollution patterns of As,Hg,Cd,Cr,Pb,Ni,Cu,Zn,N and P elements using statistical description,correlation analysis,variance analysis and factor analysis.The results show that the significant differences in the distribution of main environmental elements on different types of land soil in Lake Baiyangdian are the result of the combined effects of atmospheric deposition with human industrial and agricultural activities.Besides the P,all the other environmental elements background values are higher than those in around areas.It tends to enrichment.Most of the elements are enriched in agricultural lands,especially in paddy fields,but the Hg element is more easily enriched in village lands.Environmental elements in the lands of Lake Baiyangdian come from three ways:Ni,Cr,As,Pb,Cu,Cd are mainly from the atmosphere and coal burning,P,N,Hg,Cd,Pb are mainly from fertilizer and activities of human,Zn,Cu,Cd,Pb are mainly from the small melting workshop.

关 键 词：白洋淀 土地类型 环境元素 分布特征 来源分析 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]