秀丽白虾(Exopalaemon modestus)对亚热带湖库春夏季水体营养水平和浮游生物群落的影响--基于微宇宙模拟实验  

Effects of Exopalaemon modestus on nutrient levels and plankton communities in spring and Summer subtropical lakes and reservoirs:A microcosm experiment

作　　者：宁晓雨 张磊 陈坤全[2] 韩财安 李启升[2] 李宽意 何虎[2] 赵璧影 Ning Xiaoyu;Zhang Lei;Chen Kunquan;Han Cai an;Li Qisheng;Li Kuanyi;He Hu;Zhao Biying(School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Chuzhou University,Chuzhou 239000,P.R.China;Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,P.R.China;Jiangxi Biotech Vocational College,Nanchang 330200,P.R.China;Sino-Danish College,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,P.R.China;International Genome Center,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]滁州学院土木与建筑工程学院,滁州239000 [2]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京210008 [3]江西生物科技职业学院,南昌330200 [4]中国科学院大学中丹学院,北京100049 [5]江苏大学国际基因组学研究中心,镇江212013

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2022年第2期582-589,共8页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31930074,31971473,31800386);滁州学院大学生创新创业训练项目(2021cxxl425);安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(202004i07020010);中国博士后科学基金项目(2019M651721)联合资助.

摘　　要：秀丽白虾(Exopalaemon modestus)是我国大型淡水湖库的重要经济渔获对象,也是水体中浮游动物的捕食者之一.以往的研究从渔业的角度揭示了秀丽白虾的生物学特征与食性,但少有研究探讨秀丽白虾这一无脊椎动物捕食者对春、夏季浮游生物群落的影响.本研究设计了一个单因素户外微宇宙实验,比较了春季-初夏(4-6月)时期,有无秀丽白虾条件下水体氮、磷浓度以及浮游生物生物量和群落结构的变化.结果表明:1)秀丽白虾的存在显著降低了春季水体总氮(TN)浓度,增加了水体总磷(TP)浓度,降低了水体TN:TP比值;2)秀丽白虾的捕食减少了大型枝角类Daphnia pulex和浮游动物总生物量,D.pulex在浮游动物群落中的优势度被轮虫取代,浮游动物群落趋于小型化;3)秀丽白虾显著增加了春季水体叶绿素a浓度,但对浮游植物群落结构的影响不明显.研究表明在大型湖库中,秀丽白虾等无脊椎动物捕食者可能是影响浮游生物群落变化的因素之一,在春季浮游生物研究中应予以关注.Shrimp(Exopalaemon modestus)is one of the most important aquatic products and zooplankton predators in large freshwater lakes and reservoirs in subtropical China.Previous studies have revealed the biological characteristics and diets of E.modestus,while few studies studied the influences of this invertebrate predator on plankton dynamics in spring-summer.Here,we designed an outdoor microcosm experiment to compare the difference of nutrient levels and plankton communities under contrast shrimp scenarios(shrimp absent/present).The results showed that:1)E.modestus significantly reduced total nitrogen(TN)concentrations,while increased total phosphorus(TP)concentrations and thereby caused a decline in TN∶TP ratios in spring.2)The predation of E.modestus in spring significantly reduced the biomass of large-sized cladoceran-Daphnia pulex and the total zooplankton biomass.Meanwhile,D.pulex dominance in the zooplankton community was replaced by rotifers when E.modestus were present,which caused a decline in zooplankton size;3)E.modestus significantly elevated chlorophyll-a concentrations,while no significant effect of E.modestus on phytoplankton community structure was observed.Our study suggests that in large lake and reservoir ecosystems,invertebrate predators such as E.modestu s may affect plankton succession.Thus,more attention should be paid to spring plankton studies.

关 键 词：秀丽白虾 营养盐 浮游动物 浮游植物 微宇宙实验 

分 类 号：Q178[生物学—水生生物学]