日本著作权法柔性合理使用条款及其启示  

An Inspection of the Japanese Flexible Copyright Limitation Provisions and Its Enlightenment

作　　者：郑重 Zheng Zhong

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学民商法学院

出　　处：《知识产权》2022年第1期112-130,共19页Intellectual Property

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“创新驱动发展战略下知识产权公共领域问题研究”(17ZDA138)。

摘　　要：新技术发展浪潮下,日本著作权法合理使用规制从封闭逐渐走向开放,引入了被誉为“日版美国合理使用一般条款”的柔性合理使用条款,增加了日本著作权法应对新技术的制度弹性。同时,为兼顾著作权人利益保护区分了条款的柔性程度,在扩大开放性的同时,通过限制开放性范围与开放性程度维持立法的确定性。日本柔性合理使用条款的引入不仅标志着日本著作权法治理方式进入了一个新阶段,而且提供了区别于美国合理使用一般性条款的制度范本,其制度设计内核与路径选择考量,对我国著作权合理使用的制度完善与本土创新都具有借鉴意义。我国应当对《关于修改<中华人民共和国著作权法>的决定》第24条第1款第13项“法律、行政法规规定的其他情形”中的“其他情形”附加“特定”限制条件以调控开放性,同时明确规定新技术领域合理使用的具体情形以保障确定性。Under the wave of new technology development,the Japanese legislation on fair use have changed from closed style to an open one.The recent amendment to the Japanese Copyright Law introduced the flexible copyright limitation provisions,the so-called"Japanese version of the US general provison on fair use rules",thus increased the resilience of the Japanese Copyright Law when applying to the new technologies.Meanwhile,in order to harmonize the interests of copyright holders,the flexible copyright limitation provisions adopt layered design to distinguish the degree of flexibility,and keep a balance between the flexibility and certainty.They are regarded not only a symbol of the new development era of the Japanese copyright legal theory,but also a model of copyright limitation system which is different from the US general provision on fair use.The institutional design kernel and choice considerations provide valuable reference to the reform and innovation of the copyright limitation system in China.As to item 13 of Article 24(1)of newly amended Chinese Copyright Law,it should be attached"specific"restrictions to"other circumstances"to regulate its openness,and promptly adopt"laws and administrative regulations"to clarify the"other circumstance"for the fair use in the field of new technologies to guarantee certainty.

关 键 词：日本著作权法 柔性合理使用条款 非享受性使用 附随性使用 轻微利用 

分 类 号：DD913[政治法律—法学] D931.3