黄河流域生态补偿的水环境治理效应——基于双重差分方法的检验  

Effects of ecological compensation on water environment governance in the Yellow River Basin:A test based on difference-in-difference method

作　　者：马军旗 乐章[2] MA Junqi;YUE Zhang(School of Public Administration,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China;School of Public Administration,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆工商大学公共管理学院,重庆400067 [2]中南财经政法大学公共管理学院,武汉430073

出　　处：《资源科学》2021年第11期2277-2288,共12页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71973154);重庆工商大学2021高层次人才科研启动项目(2155051)。

摘　　要：黄河流域生态补偿是保障黄河长治久安,促进全流域高质量发展的重要制度设计。本文使用2007—2018年全国流域重点断面水质监测数据和中国城市统计年鉴数据,采用多期双重差分方法,对黄河流域生态补偿政策的水环境治理效应及其机制进行了实证检验。研究发现:①生态补偿政策的实施显著改善了黄河流域水环境治理效果,且黄河流域生态补偿呈现出显著的长期治污效应,该结论在进行一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。②机制分析表明,生态补偿政策的实施发挥了显著的制度激励效应,通过提高地方政府环境治理投资,降低工业废水排放,改善了黄河流域水污染状况。③从空间角度而言,与黄河流域中上游城市相比,生态补偿政策对下游城市水环境治理产生了更为显著的影响。据此,从健全流域横向生态补偿、重视中上游地区生态转移支付、建立多元主体联防联治水污染治理体系等角度提出改善黄河流域水环境治理的相关政策建议。Ecological compensation in the Yellow River Basin is an important system design to ensure the long-term stability of the Yellow River and promote the high-quality development of the entire river basin.This study used the national water quality monitoring data of key sections of the river basins from 2007 to 2018 and the data from the China City Statistical Yearbooks,and adopted the multi-period difference-in-difference method to empirically test the water environment governance effect and mechanism of the ecological compensation policy in the Yellow River Basin.The study found that the implementation of the ecological compensation policy has significantly improved the effect of water environment governance in the Yellow River Basin,and the ecological compensation in the Yellow River Basin has shown a significant long-term pollution control effect.This conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests.Mechanism analysis shows that the implementation of ecological compensation policy has had a significant institutional incentive effect.By increasing local government investment in environmental governance,reducing industrial wastewater discharge has improved the water pollution situation in the Yellow River Basin.From a spatial perspective,compared with cities in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin,ecological compensation policy has had a more significant impact on the water environment management of downstream cities.Based on this,the article proposes relevant policy recommendations for improving the water environment of the Yellow River Basin from the perspectives of improving the horizontal ecological compensation within the river basin,attaching importance to the ecological transfer payment in the middle and upper reaches,and establishing a joint water pollution prevention and control system with multiple stakeholders.

关 键 词：生态补偿 水环境治理 环境治理投资 污水减排 双重差分方法 黄河流域 

分 类 号：F124.5[经济管理—世界经济] X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]