生物质炭对草坪土壤微生物碳代谢群落结构的影响  

Effects of biomass carbon on microbial carbon metabolic community structure in turf-grass soil

作　　者：马涛 余江敏 王瑾[2] 马小芳 王聪 邓立宝[4] 弓雪 杨经良 杨苛 钟莉传 MA Tao;YU Jiang-min;WANG Jin;MA Xiao-fang;WANG Cong;DENG Li-bao;GONG Xue;YANG Jing-liang;YANG Ke;ZHONG Li-chuan(Guangxi Agricultural Vocational and Technical University,Nanning 530007,China;Agricultural Resources and Environment Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;College of Forestry,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;Horticulture Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;Corn Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业职业技术大学,南宁530007 [2]广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南宁530007 [3]广西大学林学院,南宁530004 [4]广西农业科学院园艺研究所,南宁530007 [5]广西农业科学院玉米研究所,南宁530007

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2021年第11期2986-2993,共8页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：广西自然科学基金项目(2019GXNSFBA245096);广西高校科研项目(2020KY36014,LX2014590);广西农业职业技术大学科学研究与技术开发计划项目(YKJ2025)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明不同用量生物质炭对草坪土壤微生物多样性特征的影响,为生物质在草坪土壤中的应用提供理论依据。【方法】以草坪土壤为研究对象,以不施用生物质碳为对照,设8、20、40和200 kg/m^(2)共4个生物质炭用量处理,对照和4个处理分别标记为BC0、BC8、BC20、BC40和BC200。播种5个月后采集0~30 cm土壤,测定土壤有机碳、全氮、水溶性碳和微生物量碳含量及土壤微生物碳代谢群结构,分析不同用量生物质炭对草坪土壤微生物碳代谢群落的影响。【结果】与对照BC0相比,施用生物质炭处理的土壤全氮含量显著增加(P<0.05,下同),BC40和BC200处理的土壤有机碳显著增加,BC200处理的水溶性碳显著增加,而土壤微生物量碳无显著变化(P>0.05)。BC20处理的土壤平均光密度(AWCD)值较对照BC0提高12.4%,BC200处理的AWCD值则较对照降低51.3%。BC20处理增加了生物群落结构AWCD值,利用胺类物质微生物活性显著提高;BC200处理降低了土壤微生物数量,对利用多聚物类物质微生物的负面影响最小。主成分分析结果表明,第一主成分可解释变异的86.06%,主要为代谢吐温40、吐温80、L-丝氨酸、D-半乳糖酸内脂、D,L-α-磷酸甘油和4-羟基苯甲酸等六种碳源物质引起的,能有效区分适量(BC8、BC20、BC40)和过量(BC200)施用生物质炭含量处理的草坪土壤。相关分析结果表明,土壤微生物量碳与i-赤藓糖醇的光密度值呈显著正相关;土壤有机碳和水溶性碳含量与L-精氨酸、L-丝氨酸等多种碳源的光密度值呈显著或极显著(P<0.01)负相关。【结论】适量施用生物质炭可提高草坪土壤的微生物数量和活性。施用生物质炭的草坪土壤利用L-精氨酸、L-天门冬酰胺的能力较强,但对利用L-苏氨酸、i-赤藓糖醇、D-木糖和2-羟基苯甲酸等碳源基质的利用能力较弱。建议在种植草坪草时,生物质炭的施用量控制在20 kg/m^(2)以内。【Objective】To explore the effects of different amounts of biochar on the microbial diversity characteristics of turf-grass soil,and to provide a theoretical basis for the application of biomass in turf-grass soil.【Method】Taking turf-grass soil as the research object and no biochar as the control,four biochar dosage treatments of 8,20,40 and 200 kg/m^(2)were set,control and four treatments were marked as BC0,BC8,BC20,BC40 and BC200.After 5 months of sowing,0-30 cm soil was collected,the contents of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,water-soluble carbon,microbial biomass carbon and the structure of soil microbial carbon metabolism group were measured,and the effects of different amounts of biochar on turf-grass soil microbial carbon metabolism community were analyzed.【Result】Compared with the control BC0,the total nitrogen content of soil treated with biochar increased significantly(P<0.05,the same below),the soil or-ganic carbon of BC40 and BC200 increased significantly,the water-soluble carbon of BC200 increased significantly,but the soil microbial biochar did not change significantly(P>0.05).The average well color development(AWCD)of soil treated with BC20 was 12.4%higher than that of the control BC0,and the AWCD value of soil treated with BC200 was 51.3%lower than that of the control.BC20 increased the average optical density of biological community structure,and the microbial activity was significantly improved due to the use of amines;BC200 reduced the number of soil microorgani-sms and had the least negative impact on the use of polymer microorganisms.The results of principal component analysis showed that the first principal component could explain 86.06%of the variation.It was caused by six carbon source sub-stances such as tween 40,tween 80,L-serine,D-galactose acid lipid,D,L-α-glycerophosphateand 4-hydroxybenzoic acid,which could effectively distinguish turf-grass soil treated with appropriate amount(BC8,BC20,BC40)and exces-sive(BC200)biochar content.The results of correlation analysis show

关 键 词：生物质炭 草坪土壤 土壤微生物 碳代谢群落结构 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]