疫苗相关过敏反应的认识与防治策略  

Cognition,Prevention and Treatment Strategy of Vaccine-related Anaphylaxis

作　　者：骆兵 张紫薇[1,2] 汪小海 葛卫红[1] 于锋[2] LUO Bing;ZHANG Ziwei;WANG Xiaohai;GE Weihong;YU Feng(Department of Pharmacy,Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 210008,China;School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 210009,China;Department of Anesthesiology,Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical College,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]中国药科大学南京鼓楼医院药学部,南京210008 [2]中国药科大学基础医学与临床药学学院,南京210009 [3]南京大学医学院附属泰康仙林鼓楼医院麻醉科,南京210008

出　　处：《医药导报》2022年第3期327-333,共7页Herald of Medicine

摘　　要：疫苗接种是一种有效的公共卫生措施,但几乎所有疫苗均可引起过敏反应。疫苗相关过敏反应的发病机制包括IgE介导的Ⅰ型过敏反应、IgG介导的Ⅱ型过敏反应、免疫复合物和(或)补体介导的Ⅲ型过敏反应、细胞介导的Ⅳ型过敏反应以及类过敏反应。疫苗活性成分所致过敏反应少见,通常由疫苗制剂附加成分引起。过敏反应是一种临床急症,提供免疫接种的人员和环境应满足过敏反应的紧急救治条件,并采取积极的预防措施。该文对疫苗相关过敏反应的机制和防治策略进行综述,以期加强和更新对疫苗相关过敏反应的认识。Vaccination is an effective public health measure,but almost all vaccines can cause anaphylaxis.The pathogenesis of vaccine-related anaphylaxis includes IgE-mediated type anaphylaxis,IgG-mediated typeⅡanaphylaxis,immune complex and/or complement-mediated typeⅢanaphylaxis,cell-mediated typeⅣanaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reaction.Anaphylaxis caused by active ingredient of the vaccine are rare;and are usually caused by additional ingredients in vaccine preparations.Anaphylaxis is a clinical emergency,the personnel and environment providing immunization should meet the emergency treatment conditions of anaphylaxis and take active preventive measures.In order to strengthen the understanding of vaccine-related anaphylaxis,this article reviews the mechanism,prevention and treatment strategy of vaccine-related anaphylaxis.

关 键 词：疫苗接种 过敏反应 发病机制 预防 临床管理 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学] R95[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]