近海海水养殖海域海底地下水排放的研究进展  

Research Progress of Submarine Groundwater Discharge in Marine Aquaculture

作　　者：刘建安 于雪晴 彭彤 杜金洲[1] LIU Jianan;YU Xueqing;PENG Tong;DU Jinzhou(State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]河口海岸学国家重点实验室,华东师范大学,上海200241

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2021年第12期1235-1246,共12页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“海洋牧场生态环境对海底地下水输送营养盐通量的响应——以象山港为例”(编号:41976040);中国博士后科学基金资助项目“崇明东滩盐沼湿地海底地下水碳排放溯源及其对蓝碳调控作用”(编号:2021T140208)资助。

摘　　要：海底地下水排放作为河口海岸与近海的自然现象,是陆源物质重要的入海通道,在近海物质循环和生态环境效应中有时起着决定性作用。针对近年来迅速发展的近海海水养殖,综述了海底地下水排放影响近海养殖物种等相关研究,阐明了海底地下水排放对不同养殖生态系统的重要控制作用。首先,基于近25年文献计量分析的结果表明,关于海底地下水排放与海水养殖之间关系的研究呈明显上升趋势,且在全球范围内具有广阔的地域分布和研究远景。其次,总结相关研究案例发现,一方面海底地下水排放及其输送的营养物质能够提高初级生产力,进而促进近海藻类、鱼类和贝类等海水养殖物种的生长,对其产量产生积极的影响;另一方面,通过海底地下水排放输送的过量物质也会给海水养殖物种带来负面影响,导致它们减产甚至死亡。与此同时,养殖海水进入沿岸含水层也会反过来影响海底地下水排放及其携带入海物质的种类和通量。因此,相对于河流等输入,在海水养殖的可持续发展中如何高效利用相对"隐蔽"的海底地下水排放过程中携带的营养物质,提高海水养殖生物生产,减少负面效应,是值得关注的,也是将来海水养殖相关研究工作中值得关注的重点工作之一,其研究成果可为我国近海养殖合理管理和渔业资源的可持续利用提供基础数据参考。Submarine Groundwater Discharge(SGD),a natural phenomenon in estuarine,coastal and offshore regions,is an important conduit for terrestrial materials input to the sea,and plays a dominant role in coastal biogeochemical cycles and environmental effects.With the rapid development of marine aquaculture in recent years,the relevant studies of the impacts of SGD on mariculture species are described,and the importance of SGD on different marine aquaculture ecosystems is illustrated.Firstly,the results of the bibliometric analysis show that the published literatures on the relationships between SGD and mariculture have significantly increased in the last 25 years,and it has been distributed with broad space and prospect worldwide.Through the summarized study cases,it was found that SGD and the associated nutrient substance can modify hydrological condition and can enhance the primary productivity in coastal waters,and then promote the growth of mariculture species such as macroalgae,fish and shellfish,showing positive impacts of SGD on mariculture.However,SGD was also suggested to have negative impact on mariculture species by reducing the production and even driving them to death.Meanwhile,the coastal mariculture was thought to affect SGD process and the associated materials from land to the sea.Therefore,with respect to the riverine input,although SGD is generally hidden,its-derived nutrient substances have been shown to play an increasingly important role in mariculture regions.More attention and robust research should be given to SGD and the associated materials in mariculture ecosystems,in order to make better use of SGD for sustainable development of marine aquaculture,which can provide scientific support for fishery rational arrangements and ecosystem managements of marine aquaculture in China.

关 键 词：海底地下水排放 海水养殖 营养物质 生态环境 初级生产力 渔业资源 

分 类 号：P734[天文地球—海洋化学]