2005—2019年重庆市北碚区流行性腮腺炎发病特征比较  

Epidemiological characteristics of mumps from 2005 to 2019 in Beibei District of Chongqing

作　　者：朱丽霞[1] 周永超[1] 刘玉梅[1] 谢小琴 马文 ZHU Li-xia;ZHOU Yong-chao;LIU Yu-mei;XIE Xiao-qin;MA Wen(Beibei District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chongqing 400700,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市北碚区疾病预防控制中心,重庆400700

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2022年第2期192-197,共6页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的分析2005—2019年重庆市北碚区流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征,为今后该病防控提供科学依据。方法收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统和突发公共卫生事件报告信息管理系统病例信息,采用描述性流行病学方法对2005—2019年北碚区流行性腮腺炎病例及暴发疫情特征进行分析,运用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行χ^(2)检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果 2005—2019年北碚区共报告流腮病例6 076例,平均发病率60.23/10万。2005—2009年、2010—2014年和2015—2019年流腮发病率分别为58.24/10万、86.10/10万、34.96/10万。发病高峰出现在5月和12月,病例以5~14岁儿童(73.42%)和学生(72.99%)为主。在3个时期5~9岁儿童发病率明显高于其他年龄儿童,其中2015-2019年发病率478.73/10万,较2005—2009年下降36.77%。3个不同时期,0~4岁、5~9岁病例年龄构成差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.81,P=0.001 7;χ^(2)=8.99,P=0.011 2)。学生病例在2005—2009年占76.58%(1 331/1 738),2015—2019年下降至66.74%(927/1 389),其构成比在3个不同时期的差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=39.95,P<0.001)。15年中出现暴发疫情35起,病例占总数的28.26%,在小学和农村最多见。结论 2005—2019年期间北碚区流腮发病率和暴发疫情先升后降,持续实施1剂次麻腮风疫苗(MMR)接种后,5~9岁儿童发病水平明显下降,但保护效率不足,建议提高两剂次含流腮成分疫苗接种率。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps from 2005 to 2019 in Beibei district of Chongqing so as to provide evidence for mumps prevention and control. Methods Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data of mumps cases and outbreaks from 2005 to2019 in Beibei district of Chongqing. Results There were a total of 6 076 cases of mumps in Beibei district during 2005 to 2019. The average annual incidence rates in 2005 to 2009,2010 to2014 and 2015 to 2019 were 58.24/105,86.10/105,34.96/105,respectively. Two incidence peaks of the mumps occurred in May and December. Most mumps cases were children aged 5-14 years(73.42%) and students(72.99%). The incidence rate of the children aged 5-9 years was higher than other age groups, which has reduced 36.77% in 2015 to 2019(478.73/10^(5)) compared with2005 to 2009. There were statistically significant differences in the age composition of cases aged 0-4 years and 5-9 years in three different periods (χ^(2)=12.81,P=0.001 7;χ^(2)=8.99,P=0.011 2).Cases of students accounted for 76.58%(1 331/1 738) of total cases in 2005 to 2009,and decreased to 66.74%(927/1 389) in 2015 to 2019. In the stage of 2005 to 2009, 2010 to 2014 and 2015 to 2019,the age and occupation distribution of the mump cases were statistical different.A total of 35 outbreaks were reported in the schools during the 15 years,and were often occurred in primary school and country. The outbreak cases accounted for 28.26% of the total cases.Conclusions During the period from 2005 to 2019, the incidence and the outbreaks of mumps in Beibei District increased first and then decreased. One-dose MMR vaccination strategy can help reduce the incidence of mumps and control the outbreak, but the protective effect of the immunization was limited. Raising the coverage rates and advocating two doses of vaccination should be adopted to reduce the incidence and outbreak of mumps.

关 键 词：流行性腮腺炎 流行特征 免疫策略 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学]