不同配置对辽西玉米‖花生间作系统氮素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of Different Configurations on Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Characteristics of Maize-Peanut Intercropping System in West Liaoning

作　　者：冯晨[1,2] 黄波 冯良山 郑家明[1,2] 白伟 杜桂娟[1,2] 向午燕 蔡倩[1,2] 张哲 孙占祥[1,2] FENG Chen;HUANG Bo;FENG LiangShan;ZHENG JiaMing;BAI Wei;DU GuiJuan;XIANG WuYan;CAI Qian;ZHANG Zhe;SUN ZhanXiang(Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161;National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment,Fuxin 123100,Liaoning;College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866;Center of International Cooperation Service,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,沈阳110161 [2]国家农业环境阜新观测实验站,辽宁阜新123100 [3]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,沈阳110866 [4]农业农村部国际交流服务中心,北京100125

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2022年第1期61-73,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41807388,U21A20217,32071551,32101855);辽宁省兴辽英才计划(XLYC2007041,XLYC2002051);辽宁省“百千万人才工程”项目(202122235);辽宁省农业科学院院长基金(2021QN2007);农业农村部农业科研杰出人才及其创新团队。

摘　　要：【目的】通过研究不同配置条件下玉米‖花生间作系统地上部氮含量和吸收量,结合间作系统花生结瘤固氮和土壤有效氮分布,明确不同配置下玉米‖花生间作体系对氮素的吸收利用特征,为玉米‖花生间作氮高效利用模式的区域筛选提供依据。【方法】本试验于2015—2016年在国家农业环境阜新观测实验站进行,设置玉米单作(M)、花生单作(P)、2行玉米4行花生间作(M2P4)和4行玉米4行花生间作(M4P4)模式,玉米单作及每种间作模式下设3种不同玉米种植密度(6、9和12株/m2),共10个处理,分析不同配置(行比和密度)玉米‖花生间作系统氮素吸收利用特征和优势。【结果】与单作相比,间作玉米和花生植株氮浓度变化并不明显,受作物占地比例影响,间作模式下玉米和花生的产量、氮产量均低于相应单作,且氮产量与间作生物产量表现相一致。玉米‖花生间作可以显著提高系统氮的吸收利用(氮吸收当量比NER>1),且主要归因于玉米的养分吸收优势(pNERm为0.63—0.80)。随着玉米行比和密度的增加NER也随之增大,其中M4P4模式(NER 1.06—1.22)的氮吸收要显著高于M2P4模式(NER 1.0—1.06)。在玉米‖花生间作系统中,玉米比花生更有竞争力(Amp>0),且竞争吸收氮养分能力也更强(CRmp>1),M4P4行比以及玉米增密有助于增强玉米对氮营养的竞争,增加系统氮养分吸收优势(△NU>0)以及间作养分对产量的贡献(C)。与玉米间作可促进花生结瘤固氮,M4P4行比配置下花生根瘤数量、单株根瘤重量和单个瘤重均高于M2P4配置,且以中、低密度处理为优。间作系统中土壤有效氮含量(Nmin)表现为花生条带土壤Nmin高于玉米条带,且单作花生土壤Nmin高于间作花生,而单作玉米土壤Nmin低于间作玉米。【结论】玉米‖花生间作可显著提高系统氮的吸收利用,其中玉米对系统氮吸收的贡献较大,适度增加玉米行比和密度有助于�【Objective】 This study clarified the nitrogen absorption and utilization characteristics in maize-peanut intercropping by studying the nitrogen concentration, nitrogen uptake, nodulation of peanut and nitrogen distribution under different configurations,which provided a basis for regional screening and application of nitrogen efficient model of maize-peanut intercropping system.【Method】 A field study with 10 treatments was conducted in National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment in Fuxin in 2015 and 2016, including four cropping systems, such as sole maize(M), sole peanut(P), intercropping system of 2 rows maize and 4 rows peanut(M2 P4), and intercropping system of 4 rows maize and 4 rows peanut(M4 P4). Each maize treatment included three maize planting densities(6, 9 and 12 plants/m2). The characteristics and advantages of nitrogen uptake and utilization in maize-peanut intercropping system with different configurations(row proportion and maize density) were analyzed. 【Result】 Compared with monocropping, the change of nitrogen concentration in maize and peanut plants was not significant, the yield and nitrogen yield of maize and peanut in intercropping was lower than that in monocropping due to the different proportion of land occupy, and was consistent with intercropping biomass performance. Maize-peanut intercropping significantly increased the system nitrogen uptake, nitrogen uptake equivalent ratio(NER)>1, which was mainly due to the nutrient absorption advantage of maize(pNERm was 0.63-0.80). The NER was increased with the row and density of maize increasing. The nitrogen uptake under M4 P4 pattern(NER 1.06-1.22) was significantly higher than that under M2 P4 pattern(NER 1.0-1.06). In maize-peanut intercropping system, maize was more competitive than peanut(Amp>0), and the competitive ability to absorb nitrogen was also stronger(CRmp>1), and M4 P4 pattern and maize densification could enhance maize competition for nitrogen and increase the advantage of nitrogen uptake

关 键 词：间作 配置 玉米 花生 氮吸收利用 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S565.2