施肥方式对设施菜地氨挥发的影响  

Effects of Fertilization Methods on Ammonia Volatilization from Vegetable Field Under Greenhouse Cultivation

作　　者：王从 孙会峰[1,2] 徐春花 王站付[3] 张继宁 张鲜鲜[1,2] 陈春宏 周胜 WANG Cong;SUN HuiFeng;XU ChunHua;WANG ZhanFu;ZHANG JiNing;ZHANG XianXian;CHEN ChunHong;ZHOU Sheng(Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403;Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-Carbon Agriculture,Shanghai 201403;Shanghai Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center,Shanghai 201103;Zhuanghang Experimental Station,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201415)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所,上海201403 [2]上海低碳农业工程技术研究中心,上海201403 [3]上海市农业技术推广服务中心,上海201103 [4]上海市农业科学院庄行试验站,上海201415

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2022年第1期123-133,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：上海市科技兴农项目(沪农科推字(2019)第2-1号)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对我国设施菜地氨(NH_(3))挥发过高的问题,研究不同施肥方式下设施菜地NH_(3)挥发特征,分析各施肥方式下影响设施菜地NH_(3)挥发的重要因子,为以减氮增效为目标的设施菜地肥料管理模式制定提供相关科学依据。【方法】以长江中下游地区典型设施菜地为研究对象,基于1次基肥和2次追肥的施肥方式,设置了不施氮处理(Control)、常规施氮处理(CF)、20%减氮缓释肥处理(SF)、20%减氮有机/无机肥配施处理(OF)、20%减氮复合微生物菌肥/无机肥配施处理(MF)和20%减氮水肥一体化处理(IM),共计6个田间试验处理。除Control处理外,其余各处理氮磷钾的全季施用比例均保持一致。使用通气法对不同施肥方式下的菜地NH_(3)挥发进行了原位监测,并同步分析不同施肥方式下可能影响菜地土壤NH_(3)挥发的相关因素。【结果】不同施肥方式处理下的菜地NH_(3)挥发动态基本一致,NH_(3)挥发峰值均出现在肥料施用后。基肥施用阶段,除IM处理在基肥施用1 d后NH_(3)挥发即达到峰值外,其余处理均在基肥施用后3 d达到NH_(3)挥发峰值,峰值范围为0.12—0.26 kg NH_(3)·hm^(-2)·h^(-1)。在追肥阶段,各处理NH_(3)挥发峰值出现时间均有不同程度提前,各处理的NH_(3)挥发通量在追肥-Ⅰ阶段的峰值范围为0.08—0.19 kg NH_(3)·hm^(-2)·h^(-1),追肥-Ⅱ阶段的峰值范围为0.13—0.18 kg NH_(3)·hm^(-2)·h^(-1)。NH_(3)挥发累积排放量由高至低依次为CF、MF、OF、SF、IM、Control。与CF施肥处理相比,SF和IM处理分别降低菜地累积NH_(3)挥发量24.2%和42.4%(P<0.05),OF和MF处理分别降低10.1%和8.3%(P>0.05)NH_(3)挥发累积量。此外,由NH_(3)挥发引起的氮肥损失率,由高至低依次为MF、OF、CF、SF、IM。与CF处理相比,MF处理始终具有较高的肥料NH_(3)-N损失率,而IM处理下则始终低于CF处理。与CF处理相比,SF和OF处理在基肥阶段的肥料NH_(3)-N损失率较低,但在�【Objective】The massive ammonia (NH_(3)) volatilization from excessive nitrogen (N) fertilization is a common issue in greenhouse cultivated vegetable production in China.To alleviate this problem,a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different fertilization methods on NH_(3)volatilization of greenhouse vegetable fields.【Method】The study was carried out with 6fertilization treatments via one-time basal fertilization and two-time topdressings,including N fertilizer-blank treatment (Control),conventional fertilization treatment (CF),20%N-reduced slow-release fertilizer treatment (SF),20%N-reduced organic fertilizer treatment (OF),20%N-reduced microbial fertilizer treatment (MF) and integrated management of water and fertilizer treatment (IM).Except for the Control treatment,an identical application ratio of N,P and K fertilizers was employed to each treatment throughout the whole vegetable growing season.The NH_(3)volatilization fluxes under different fertilization methods were observed by using venting absorption method.The potential influencing factors of NH_(3)volatilization were also investigated synchronously.【Result】The dynamics of NH_(3)volatilization under different fertilization treatments were similar,and the occurrence of the peaks of NH_(3)flux was highly associated with fertilization time.During basal fertilization period,for the most of treatments,the NH_(3)fluxes peaks appeared3-days after the application of basal fertilizer,while it was only 1-day under IM treatment.The maximum fluxes of NH_(3)ranged from0.12 to 0.26 kg NH_(3)·hm^(-2)·h^(-1);during basal fertilization period.The occurrence of the peaks of NH_(3)fluxes were ahead by 1-2 days during topdressing periods.The maximum fluxes of NH_(3)volatilization were 0.08-0.19 kg NH_(3)·hm^(-2)·h^(-1) during the first topdressing period,and 0.13-0.18 kg NH_(3)·hm^(-2)·h^(-1);during second topdressing period.Significant differences were found among different fertilization treatments in the seasonal cumulative NH_(3)vo

关 键 词：设施菜地 施肥方式 氨挥发 氮肥损失 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学]