考虑运输碳税与质量承诺的多式联运路径优化  

Multimodal transportation route optimization considering transportation carbon tax and quality commitment

作　　者：陈维亚[1] 龚浩 方晓平[1] CHEN Weiya;GONG Hao;FANG Xiaoping(School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,Rail Data Research and Application Key Laboratory of Hunan Province,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院,轨道交通大数据湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2022年第1期34-41,共8页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFB1201301-5)。

摘　　要：保证服务质量和控制联运成本是多式联运经营者在进行联运路径决策时考虑的主要目标。基于运输碳税征收的假设,探究同时考虑运输碳税和服务质量承诺对集装箱多式联运经营者决策联运路径的影响。将运输过程中不同交通工具的碳排放内化为联运经营者的运输碳税成本,对服务质量的承诺主要考虑运到时限和货物完好程度2个关键质量指标,引入模糊运到时间与随机货损率2个表征变量,将运到时限承诺内化为运到时间补偿成本,将货物完好程度承诺内化为货损补偿成本,二者共同构成质量损失补偿成本。以此为基础,构建由运输成本、中转成本、碳税成本和质量损失补偿成本构成的多式联运总成本最小的联运路径优化模型,设计遗传算法进行求解。以中国17个城市节点和铁路、公路、水运3种运输方式构成的多式联运网络为算例网络,对比分析有、无碳税征收2种情形下不同运到时限和货物完好程度承诺等级对多式联运路径选择的影响。研究结果显示,在相同质量承诺等级下,碳税征收情形下模型选择的联运路径总碳排放量均较少。在满足同一运到时限承诺下,随着货物完好程度承诺等级的降低,碳税征收使公路运输比例降低、铁路和水路运输比例增大,货损成本略有增加,联运总成本下降明显。研究案例表明:碳税征收可引导多式联运经营者选择碳排放更低的联运路径。质量承诺等级越高对经营者选择联运路径的约束越严苛,偏向于选择货损率较低、时效性较高的公路运输,导致联运路径总碳排放量和总成本越高。Ensuring service quality and controlling multimodal transport costs are the main targets that multimodal transport operators consider when choosing intermodal routes.Based on the assumption of transportation carbon taxing,this paper discussed the influence of transportation carbon tax and service quality commitments on multimodal container transportation operators’decision making for optimized routes.The carbon emissions of different vehicles in the transportation process were internalized as the transportation carbon tax cost of multimodal transport operators.While the commitment to service quality mainly considered the two key quality indicators,which were delivery time and cargo integrity.Two variables of fuzzy delivery time and random cargo loss rate were introduced to internalize the delivery time commitment into the delivery time compensation cost.The cargo integrity commitment into the cargo damage compensation cost,which were two components of the cargo quality loss compensation cost.A multimodal transportation route optimization model was constructed to minimize the total cost of multimodal transportation,which was composed of transportation cost,transferring cost,carbon tax cost and cargo quality loss compensation cost.A genetic algorithm was designed to solve the model.Based on a multimodal transport network consisting of 17 urban nodes and 3 modes of railway,road and water transports in China,the influences of different delivery time and commitment levels of cargo integrity on multimodal transport route selection were comparatively analyzed under the two scenarios with and without transportation carbon tax.The case research shows that,under the same quality commitment level,the total carbon emissions of the combined transportation routes selected by the model under the circumstance of carbon tax collection are all smaller.Under the same delivery time commitment,with the reduction of the commitment level of the cargo integrity,carbon taxing makes the proportion of road transportation decrease.The pro

关 键 词：多式联运 路径优化 运输碳税 质量承诺 随机货损 模糊运到时间 

分 类 号：F512.4[经济管理—产业经济]