新疆60份引进陆地棉资源主要性状的遗传差异分析  

Study on Genetic Difference Analysis in Main Characters of 60 Imported Upland Cotton Germplasm Resources in Xinjiang

作　　者：李雪瑞 刘宁[1] 王永刚[1] 樊艳星 肖菁[1] 马艳明[1] Li Xuen;Liu Ning;Wang Yonggang;Fan Yanxing;Xiao Jing;Ma Yanming(Research Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091,China;College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University.,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院农作物品种资源研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《棉花科学》2022年第1期15-23,共9页Cotton Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区资源共享平台建设专项(PT2030);国家科技部、财政部国家农作物种质资源库项目(NICGR2019-029);新疆维吾尔自治区区域协同创新专项(2017E01023-1)。

摘　　要：为拓宽棉花育种的遗传基础,在广泛收集国外种质资源的基础上,筛选优良种质资源作为育种亲本。以60份中亚地区引进的棉花种质资源为试验材料,进行主要表型性状与纤维品质的变异系数、遗传多样性指数及性状间的相关性分析,并以主要农艺性状为指标进行了聚类分析。结果表明:叶色、株型、铃形等6个表型质量性状的遗传多样性指数在1.42与11.32之间;在8个农艺产量性状中,单株铃数的变异系数最大(36.02%),第一果枝位节数(31.15%)和单铃重(29.89%)变异较为明显,生育期的变异系数最小(5.01%);在5个纤维品质性状中,伸长率的变异系数最大(16.99%),整齐度指数的变异系数最小(1.95%),相较于农艺产量性状,纤维品质性状的变异系数均较小。13个性状的遗传多样性指数范围为0.91~2.07,以整齐度指数最大(2.07),单铃重最小(0.91);相关性分析表明各性状之间均呈极显著正相关或负相关;聚类分析表明60份材料可聚为五个类群,Ⅰ、Ⅱ类共有30份种质资源,其纤维品质性状较好、籽指较高,可作为改良棉纤维品质的杂交亲本来利用,Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ类共有30份种质资源,其表现为高衣分、高果枝节位,但纤维品质一般。To broaden the genetic basis of cotton breeding,on the basis of extensive collection of foreign germplasm resources,excellent cotton germplasm resources as breeding parents.Using 60 cotton germplasm resources imported from Central Asia as experimental materials,the correlation analysis between the main phenotypic traits and fiber quality coefficient of variation,genetic diversity index and traits was carried out,and the main agronomic traits were used as indicators for the cluster analysis.The results showed that the genetic diversity index of six phenotypic quality traits such as leaf color,plant type and boll shape ranged from 1.42 to 11.32.Among the eight agronomic yield traits,the variation coefficient of boll number per plant was the largest(36.02%),first fruit branch node(31.15%)and single boll weight(29.89%)have obvious variation,and growth period was the smallest(5.01%).Among the five fiber quality traits,the variation coefficient of elongation was the largest(16.99%),and the coefficient of variation of evenness index was the smallest(1.95%).Compared with agronomic yield traits,the coefficient of variation of fiber quality traits was smaller.The genetic diversity index of 13 traits ranged from 0.91 to 2.07,the uniformity index was the largest(2.07),and the single boll weight was the smallest(0.91).Through correlation analysis,it was found that each character was significantly positive correlation or significantly negative correlation.60 upland cotton resources were divided into 5 groups.ⅠandⅡgroups showed that 30 germplasm resources had better fiber quality traits and higher seed finger,which could be used as hybrid parent for improving cotton fiber quality.Another three types included 30 germplasm resources,showed high coat fraction and high first fruit node position,but the fiber quality was average.

关 键 词：新疆 陆地棉 种质资源 主要性状 遗传差异分析 

分 类 号：S562.038[农业科学—作物学]