基于树冠生长和空间竞争指数的油松风景林经营密度表编制  

Operation density of Pinus tabulaeformis landscape forest based on study of canopy growth model and space competition index

作　　者：孙广鹏[1] 章志都 刘海轩 朱济友 徐程扬[1] SUN Guangpeng;ZHANG Zhidu;LIU Haixuan;ZHU Jiyou;XU Chengyang(Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Sanming Forestry Bureau,Sanming 365000,Fujian,China;Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学,北京100083 [2]福建省三明市林业局,福建三明365000 [3]清华大学,北京100084

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2022年第2期17-26,54,共11页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：林业公益性专项“美丽城镇森林景观的评价指标与评价方法”(201404030102)。

摘　　要：【目的】合理的林分密度是风景林经营的关键,为了提升风景林景观质量,应首先确定合理的经营密度。【方法】以北京市西山人工油松Pinus tabulaeformis风景林为研究对象,基于61块20 m×30 m标准样地的林分调查数据,结合空间竞争和树冠半径生长模型研究树冠生长规律并确定油松风景林的合理经营密度。【结果】1)从10个常用竞争指数中确定了相对树冠表面积RCS为最优竞争指数,决定系数最大(R^(2)=0.6506,P<0.01),剩余标准差最小(Sy·x=0.6142,P<0.01);2)经检验,以RCS为修正参数的树冠半径生长模型预测值与实测值之间最大平均误差为-0.53,最大绝对标准误差0.57,潜在树冠半径的预估精度94.53%,单木树冠半径的预估精度为89.03%,能够有效地预测树冠半径生长;3)基于此模型,建立了不同竞争强度、不同立地条件、不同年龄的经营密度表。【结论】树冠对林分密度和空间竞争的敏感性很强,相同立地条件和年龄的林分中,林分密度越大,空间竞争越激烈,树冠生长受到影响越大。基于树冠半径生长模型建立的林分经营密度表,可以直观地展现不同竞争强度的油松人工林在各年龄阶段的树冠半径和适宜的林分密度。风景林经营实践中应按照不同培养目标选择合适的林分密度和竞争强度。开发封闭式观赏景观,宜选择竞争指数为0.8~0.9的中高密度林分;培育观赏型林内景观时,宜选择竞争指数为1.0~1.1时的林分密度;培育观赏型林内景观和开放式林下休闲空间,应控制竞争指数应大于等于1.2。【Objective】Reasonable stand density is the key to the management of landscape forests.To improve the scenic quality of landscape forests,reasonable management density should be determined first.【Method】Taking the Pinus tabulaeformis landscape forest in Xishan of Beijing as the research object,based on the data of crown attributes collected from 61 ample plots with an area of 20 m×30 m,the proper stand density was determined through the competition model and crown growth model which were based on the Richard model.【Result】1)The RCS(relative crown surface area)was the best competition index among 10 indices because of the minimum residual standard deviation(Sy·x=0.6142,P<0.01)and the maximum determination of coefficient(R^(2)=0.6506,P<0.01).2)Compared with the measured value,the maximum average error of predicted results of the canopy radius growth model was-0.53 and the maximum absolute standard error was 0.57.The estimated precision of the potential canopy radius was 94.53%,and the predicted accuracy of the real canopy radius was 89.03%,which could effectively predict the canopy radius growth.3)Based on this model,a density management table with different competition levels,site conditions and ages was established,which could facilitate the density management of landscape forests.【Conclusion】We can conclude that tree crown is very sensitive to stand density and spatial competition.Among stands with the same site conditions and ages,high density usually leads to intense competition,which in turn affects the growth of the canopy.The stand management density table based on the canopy radius growth model can directly show the canopy radius and suitable stand density of Pinus tabulaeformis plantations with different competition intensities at different ages.In the management practice of scenic forests,the suitable stand density and competition intensity should be selected according to different cultivation objectives.To develop the closed ornamental landscape,medium to high density forests with RCS r

关 键 词：人工风景林 空间竞争 树冠生长 密度控制 油松 

分 类 号：S791.254[农业科学—林木遗传育种]