紫叶紫薇花芽分化及雌雄配子体发育的形态学研究  

Morphological study on floral bud differentiation and the development of female and male gametophytes in purple-leaf Lagerstroemia indica

作　　者：罗雪梦 王晓明[2] 曾慧杰[2] 李永欣[2] 乔中全[2] 唐丽[1] LUO Xuemeng;WANG Xiaoming;ZENG Huijie;LI Yongxin;QIAO Zhongquan;TANG Li(Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Hunan Academy of Forestry Sciences,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学,湖南长沙410004 [2]湖南省林业科学院,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2022年第2期129-138,共10页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“重要木本花卉轻简高效栽培技术集成与示范”(2020YFD1000500)。

摘　　要：【目的】观察紫叶紫薇花芽分化及雌雄配子体发育过程,旨在掌握紫叶紫薇在中南地区的花芽分化整体进程,明确花芽分化时期的内部结构特征,为指导紫叶紫薇的花期调控和栽培管理提供理论依据。【方法】以品种‘丹红紫叶’为试验材料,从分化初期至初花期每隔2~3 d连续采样,采用石蜡切片法观察紫叶紫薇花芽形态分化及雌雄配子体发育过程中的解剖特征。【结果】1)紫叶紫薇花芽分化为当年分化当年开花型,5月上旬开始,至6月中旬基本成熟,历时34 d左右,此后进入初花期;2)紫叶紫薇花芽分化大致分为7个时期,依次为未分化期、分化初期、花序分化期、萼片分化期、花瓣分化期、雄蕊分化期、雌蕊分化期;3)在雄蕊分化期,紫叶紫薇花芽中可育雄蕊多数,花药具四花粉囊,形似蝶状;小孢子母细胞体积大、细胞质浓、细胞核显著,减数分裂属于同时型胞质分裂,小孢子四分体为四面体型;小孢子具三萌发孔沟;成熟花粉粒为二细胞型;4)在雌蕊分化期,紫叶紫薇花芽中子房6室,中轴胎座,倒生型胚珠,珠心外双层珠被;雌性孢原细胞快速发育为大孢子母细胞,珠心组织由双珠被半包裹至全包裹;大孢子母细胞经连续两次减数分裂依次形成二分体、四分体,四分体快速呈解体状态,共3个大孢子退化;仅一个功能大孢子经连续3次有丝分裂依次形成二核胚囊、四核胚囊、八核胚囊;成熟胚囊为典型的蓼型胚囊。【结论】紫叶紫薇在中南地区的整个花芽分化过程于5月上旬至6月中旬,有效地为花期调控措施提供关键性背景。整个花芽分化过程中各花器官分化的顺序性和各时期的解剖特性,进一步丰富了紫薇属植物生殖生物学的研究内容。【Objective】In this study,the flower bud differentiation and the development of female and male gametophytes in purple-leaf Lagerstroemia indica were observed,aiming to understand the whole process of flower bud differentiation of purple-leaf Lagerstroemia indica in the middle and south of China,and clarify the internal structural characteristics of flower buds at various differentiation stages,to provide a theoretical basis for fluorescence regulation and cultivation management.【Method】Lagerstroemia indica‘Ebony Embers’was used as the experimental material,and the samples were harvested continuously every 2-3 days from the initial stage of differentiation to the early flowering stage.The anatomical features of the morphological differentiation of floral buds and the development of female and male gametophytes were observed with the method of paraffin section.【Result】1)Purpleleaf Lagerstroemia indica bloomed immediately after completing the differentiation process.Flower-bud differentiation began in early May and basically matured in mid-June,which lasted about 34 days,and then entered the early flowering stage.2)The flowerbud differentiation of purple-leaf Lagerstroemia indica were divided into seven stages,including the undifferentiation phase,initial differentiation phase,inflorescence differentiation phase,sepal differentiation phase,petal differentiation phase,stamen differentiation phase,and pistil differentiation phase.3)At the stamen differentiation phase,there were many fertile stamens in the flower buds of purple-leaf Lagerstroemia indica,and the anthers had four pollen sacs,shaped like butterflies.The microspore mother cells were large,dense in the cytoplasm,prominent in the nucleus,the cytokinesis of microspore mother cells belonged to a simultaneous type,and microspore tetrads were tetrahedral;the microspores had three germ pores,and the mature pollen grains were two-celled.4)At the pistil differentiation phase,the ovary had six chambers which had the axile placenta and anatropous ovul

关 键 词：紫叶紫薇 花芽分化 雄蕊发育 雌蕊发育 

分 类 号：S718.3[农业科学—林学]