煤矿巷道快速掘进的“长掘长探”技术  

A novel technology of“long excavation/long detection”for rapidexcavation in coal mine roadway

作　　者：程建远 陆自清 蒋必辞 李鹏 王盼[1,3] CHENG Jianyuan;LU Ziqing;JIANG Bici;LI Peng;WANG Pan(Xi’an Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Corp,Xi’an 710077,China;China Coal Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China;College of Geology and Environment,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司,陕西西安710077 [2]煤炭科学研究总院,北京100013 [3]西安科技大学地质与环境学院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2022年第1期404-412,共9页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFC0807804);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42074175)。

摘　　要：煤矿巷道掘进效率低是造成采掘失调的主要原因,而掘进巷道超前探测距离短、精度低,且与巷道掘进存在施工时间、作业空间和探测环境上的矛盾,是导致掘进效率偏低的地质因素,常规的“短掘短探”技术已经不能适应巷道快速掘进对长距离、高精度地质超前探测的技术需求。“长掘长探”的工作模式是以煤矿井下千米定向钻机施工的主孔与分支孔为基础,实现对掘进巷道前方煤层赋存形态、隐蔽致灾地质因素的长距离探查;在定向长钻孔中采用钻孔瞬变电磁、钻孔地质雷达和方位自然伽马等孔中物探新技术,对钻孔径向30 m范围的地质构造、富水异常区进行探测,满足了快速掘进巷道前方长距离、高精度、全方位构造探测和隐患排查的地质需求。工程实践表明:基于“定向长钻孔+孔中物探”的“长掘长探”技术,实现了沿掘进巷道方向的“长距离”探测、巷道周围近距离高精度探测,为巷道安全、快速掘进提供了地质依据;同时,“长掘长探”技术能够满足井下探放水防治水细则的要求,解决了超前探测与快速掘进在施工时间、作业空间和探测环境上的冲突,有助于提高巷道快速掘进的有效时间,具有较好的技术适应性和推广价值,将为今后煤矿巷道快速掘进的高精度长距离超前探测提供可靠的地质保障。The low efficiency of coal mine roadway excavation is the main cause for the imbalance between coal mining and heading.The geological factor of low excavation efficiency is that the advance detection distance of the excavated roadway is short,the accuracy is low,and the existing detection methods are inconsistent with the excavation work in time,working space and detection environment.Therefore,the conventional“short excavation and short detection”technology cannot meet the technical requirements of long-distance and high-precision geological advance detection for rapid roadway excavation.The“long excavation and long detection”technology is based on the main hole and branch hole constructed by the kilometer directional drilling machine in the coal mine to realize the long-distance detection of the occurrence form of the coal seam in front of the excavated roadway and the hidden geological factors causing disasters.In the directional long borehole,some new borehole geophysical exploration technologies such as borehole transient electromagnetic,borehole radar and azimuth natural gamma logging are used to detect the geological structures and watery zones within 30m in the radial direction of the borehole.This meets the geological needs of long-distance,high-precision and all-round structural detection and hidden danger investigation in front of the rapid excavated roadway.The engineering practice shows that the“long excavation and long detection”technology based on“directional long drilling plus borehole geophysical exploration”can carry out“long-distance”detection along the heading direction and close-range high-precision detection around the roadway,which provides a geological basis for safe and rapid roadway excavation.The technology developed solves the conflict between advanced detection and rapid excavation in excavation time,working space and detection environment.In addition,it meets the detailed rules and regulations for water prevention and control,and helps to improve the effective tim

关 键 词：煤矿巷道 “短掘短探” 快速掘进 “长掘长探” 定向长钻孔 钻孔瞬变电磁 钻孔雷达 

分 类 号：TD263.3[矿业工程—矿井建设] P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]