抗战前后湖南民船同业团体的嬗变  

The Evolution of the Hunan Wooden-boat Organizations in the Anti-Japanese War

作　　者：陈瑶[1] Chen Yao

机构地区：[1]厦门大学历史系,厦门361005

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2022年第1期32-47,共16页Researches in Chinese Economic History

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“清至民国长江中游木帆船航运业研究”(批准号:18BZS146)阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：湖南传统民船同业团体的近代转型,主要发生在全面抗战及战后复员时期。湖南民船航运业长期以流动难羁的船帮组织为同业团体形态,战前开始出现依法成立或改组的船商公会和船员工会。抗战期间,身处前线的民船同业团体,在其他交通路线和运输工具破坏殆尽的情况下,积极组建同业工会、保甲组织或同乡会,配合政府统制政策,完成对前线兵力和物资的运输周转,获得政府认可,成为合法社会组织。战后,湖南湘潭船主在船商公会与船员工会竞争中,选择以工人身份加入船员工会。战争给民船同业团体和船民带来组织和身份上的重大转变,长期游离于体制之外的民船帮会立案为同业工会;以往被看作江湖匪盗的船民群体,成为支援抗战及复员运输的内河船运工人。抗日战争对于同业团体的组织性质和底层民众的身份认同影响深远。The Anti-Japanese War is the trigger of modernization for the development of the Hunan boatmen groups,which served for the local wooden-boat shipping industry.Since the imperial period,the boatmen groups had been long regarded as floating motley crowds and thus uneasy to be regulated.In fact,these"motley crowds"had made efforts to organize themselves in some order.For example,during the 1920s and 1930s,certain shipping merchant associations and boatmen unions were newly-established or re-organized themselves according to official regulations.However,such efforts were neglected most of the time till the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War.During the Anti-Japanese War,the boatmen groups in the front line actively cooperated with the local government.They energetically replied to the wartime control policies,founding various unions to transport troops and military supplies to the front-line when other transportation routes and means of transport were destroyed in warfare.In view of the boatmen unions'dedication,after the War,their existence and social status obtained official approval.These floating and“unruly”groups eventually became legal social organizations.As well in the post-war period,when two kinds of boatmen organizations-the Shipping Merchant Association(船商同业公会)and the Boatmen Workers Union(民船船员工会)-competed for the members,many boatmen(especially boat-owners)consciously included themselves into the later,like the case of Xiangtan in Hunan.The legalization of the boatmen groups and the shaping of working-class identity among their members mark the modernization of the Hunan wooden-boat shipping industry.It is the Anti-Japanese War that triggered both significant changes.

关 键 词：民船 船民 船帮 船员工会 职业身份 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学] F552.9[历史地理—中国史]