篮球运动员快攻情境下的视觉搜索特征  

Visual Search Characteristics of Basketball Players in Fast Break Situation

作　　者：徐延君 吕中凡[1,2] 史鹏 张建明 XU Yan-jun;LV Zhong-fan;SHI Peng;ZHANG Jian-ming(Physical Education College,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116029,China;Sports Human Science Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province,Dalian 116029,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学体育学院,辽宁大连116029 [2]辽宁省运动人体科学重点实验室,辽宁大连116029

出　　处：《福建体育科技》2022年第1期36-39,共4页Fujian Sports Science and Technology

摘　　要：通过对比不同水平篮球运动员的视觉搜索模式,揭示高水平篮球运动员的认知加工策略及眼动特征,有助于更好的解释高水平运动员的运动表现。实验采用Dikablis Pro头戴式眼动仪,以"专家-新手"为研究范式,10名二级篮球运动员、10名普通大学生作为被试,让被试观看实验材料同时记录专家组与新手组的运动决策和眼动特征。实验结果表明:(1)在快攻情景下,专家组篮球运动员在信息加工速度、准确率与新手组呈显著性差异(p<0.05);表明专家组具有更优越的信息加工能力;(2)专家组篮球运动员的不同区域注视时间、眼跳距离及AOI区域(即进攻队员、预判区)注视次数显著优于新手组;表明高水平运动员采用更合理的视觉搜索策略,注视点集中且主次分明、信息提取效果更好;(3)在快攻中同伴队员和预判区是决定传球时机的主要注视区域。By comparing the visual search patterns of different basketball players,this paper reveals the cognitive processing strategies and eye movement characteristics of high-level basketball players,which is helpful to better explain the athletic performance of high-level basketball players.Dikablis Pro headset eye tracker was used in the experiment.Taking"expert-novice"as the research paradigm,10 second-level basketball players and 10 ordinary college students were taken as subjects.The subjects were asked to watch the experimental materials and record the movement decisions and eye movement characteristics of the expert group and the novice group at the same time.The experimental results show that:(1)in the fast attack situation,the expert group basketball players in the information processing speed,accuracy is significantly different from the novice group(P<0.05);It shows that the expert group has superior information processing ability;(2)The fixation time,saccate distance and the fixation times of AOI region(offensive players and anticipatory area)of expert basketball players were significantly better than those of the rookie group.The results show that the high level athletes adopt more reasonable visual search strategy,the fixation point is concentrated and the priority is clear,and the effect of information extraction is better.(3)In the fast break,the fellow players and the prediction area are the main areas to look at when to pass the ball.

关 键 词：运动决策 视觉搜索 眼动 信息加工 篮球快攻 

分 类 号：G841[文化科学—体育训练]