撒哈拉以南非洲应对环境与气候变化的本土选择  

Local Choices of Sub-Saharan Africa in Tackling Environment and Climate Change

作　　者：张永宏[1] 王达 Zhang Yonghong;Wang Da

机构地区：[1]云南大学非洲研究中心 [2]云南大学国际关系研究院

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2022年第1期31-50,156,157,共22页West Asia and Africa

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“逆全球化背景下的本土化运动研究”(18BGJ040)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在撒哈拉以南非洲,基于传统宗教文化所形成的人与自然和谐共处的观念和底层社会机制,如“万物有灵论”、禁忌、圣林制度、图腾系统、传统权力系统等,在环境管理、减缓和适应气候变化方面发挥着基础性作用。在应对气候变化的关键领域,如农业、气象、技术创新等,都离不开本土知识。许多非洲国家重视利用本土知识增强气候变化适应能力。以家庭、村社、部落等为纽带的传统社区是社会运行的基本功能单元,重塑传统社区职能、发展基于社区的适应,在应对气候变化的社会动员和组织方面有不可替代的作用。今后,提高生物质能利用效率,逐步摆脱对柴、炭的依赖,因地制宜建设现代能源体系,应是撒哈拉以南非洲国家应对气候变化的普遍选择。In Sub-Saharan Africa,idea of harmonious coexistence of man and nature and the underlying social mechanisms based on indigenous religions,such as"animism",taboos,the institution of sacred grove,the totem system and the traditional power system,have played fundamental roles in environmental governance,mitigation and adaptation to climate change.The key fields regarding coping with climate change,including agriculture,meteorology,and technical innovation,cannot be separated from indigenous knowledge.In fact,many countries attach great importance to the use of such knowledge to enhance their adaptability to climate change.Because traditional communities are generally linked by families,villages and tribes,as basic functional units in society.reshaping the function of such communities and developing community-based adaptation are irreplaceable aspects in response to climate change.In the future,it is a common choice for the Sub-Saharan Africa to tackle climate change through enhancing the utilization efficiency of biomass energy,gradually getting rid of the dependence on firewood and charcoal and building the modern energy system.

关 键 词：气候变化 撒哈拉以南非洲 传统宗教 本土知识 传统社区 新能源 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]