不同尿素施肥量对薄壳山核桃嫁接苗光合作用日变化的影响  

Effects of different urea fertilization on diurnal changes of photosynthesis of grafted Carya illinoensis seedlings

作　　者：杜洋文[1] 邓先珍[2,3] 程军勇 DU Yangwen;DENG Xianzhen;CHENG Junyong(Hubei Academy of Forestry,Wuhan 430075,Hubei,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization,Huanggang Normal University,Huanggang 438000,Hubei,China;Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains,Huanggang Normal University,Huanggang 438000,Hubei,China;Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Woody Oil-Bearing Forest,Wuhan 430075,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省林业科学研究院,湖北武汉430075 [2]黄冈师范学院经济林木种质改良与资源综合利用湖北省重点实验室,湖北黄冈438000 [3]黄冈师范学院大别山特色资源开发湖北省协同创新中心,湖北黄冈438000 [4]湖北省木本粮油林工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430075

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2022年第1期27-35,共9页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：湖北省科技厅重点实验室后补经费项目(201930603);中央财政林业科技推广项目(鄂[2019]TG12)。

摘　　要：【目的】以薄壳山核桃‘波尼’品种2年生嫁接苗为材料,探讨5种不同尿素施肥量对苗木光合特性差异的影响,为薄壳山核桃良种壮苗繁育提供理论依据。【方法】利用Li-6400XT便携式光合仪,测定薄壳山核桃净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_(2)浓度、蒸腾速率、水分利用率、气孔限制值、空气CO2浓度、空气温度、叶片温度、相对湿度、叶片饱和蒸气压亏缺、光合有效辐射等生理生态因子的日变化,并进行主成分分析、相关性分析、线性回归分析、通径分析和聚类分析。【结果】薄壳山核桃嫁接苗的净光合速率日变化都呈单峰曲线,无明显"午休"现象,且受各生理生态因子影响,空气温度、叶片温度、叶片饱和蒸气压亏缺和相对湿度为主导生态因子,气孔限制值、胞间CO_(2)浓度和气孔导度为主导生理因子。进一步相关分析、回归分析、通径分析和决策分析发现,相对湿度为影响薄壳山核桃净光合速率的主要决策因子,胞间CO_(2)浓度为主要限制性因子。不同施肥量的薄壳山核桃净光合速率日变化曲线呈不规则抛物线,对气孔导度、水分利用率、气孔限制值、蒸腾速率和胞间CO_(2)浓度等因子起到促进作用,浇施1.1%和0.9%尿素溶液能显著提高净光合速率。以净光合速率和11个生理生态因子进行聚类分析,将5种不同施肥量的薄壳山核桃嫁接苗光合作用系统分为三类:第一类是0.5%、0.7%和0.9%低施肥水平,第二类是1.1%高施肥水平,第三类是不施肥。【结论】浇施0.9%和1.1%较高施肥水平尿素溶液有利于提高薄壳山核桃嫁接苗的光合效率。【Objective】Using the two-year-old grafted seedlings of Carya illinoensis‘pawnee’as the material,the effects of five different urea fertilizer rates on the photosynthetic characteristics of the seedlings were explored in this study,which provided the theoretical basis for the breeding improvement of Carya illinoensis.【Method】Taking advantages of the Li-6400 portable photosynthetic system,the diurnal changes of the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO_(2) concentration,transpiration rate,water use efficiency,stomatal limitation value,air CO_(2) concentration,air temperature,leaf temperature,relative humidity,leaf vapor pressure deficit,photosynthetically active radiation and other physiological as well as ecological factors of Carya illinoensis were analyzed.Meanwhile,necessary principal component analysis,correlation analysis,linear regression analysis,path analysis,and clustering analysis were performed.【Result】The diurnal changes of the net photosynthetic rate of the seedlings showed a single-peak curve without an obvious“midday depression”phenomenon,and this was affected by various physiological and ecological factors.Among them,the air temperature,leaf temperature,leaf vapor pressure deficit,and relative humidity were the dominant ecological factors,while stomatal limitation value,intercellular CO_(2) concentration,and stomatal conductance were the key physiological factors.Further data processing analyses found that relative humidity was the main decision factor which affected the net photosynthetic rate of Carya illinoensis,while the intercellular CO_(2) concentration was the key limiting factor.The diurnal variations curves of net photosynthetic rate of Carya illinoensis with different fertilization exhibited an irregular parabola,which promoted factors such as stomatal conductance,water use efficiency,stomatal limitation value,transpiration rate and intercellular CO_(2) concentration.The net photosynthetic rate was significantly increased by applying 1.1%and 0.9

关 键 词：薄壳山核桃 日变化 尿素施肥量 光合作用 生理生态因子 

分 类 号：S718.43[农业科学—林学]