基于农户尺度的闻喜县冬小麦产量差及生产限制因素分析  

Assessment of the grain yield gap and its limiting factor of winter wheat in Wenxi country based on the farmer scale

作　　者：薛建福[1,2] 刘昌斌 韩敬敬 杨文彪 林文 高志强[1,2] Xue Jianfu;Liu Changbin;Han Jingjing;Yang Wenbiao;Lin Wen;Gao Zhiqiang(College of Agronomy,Shanxi Agricultural University,State Key Laboratory of Integrative Sustainable Dryland Agricul-ture(in preparation),Taiyuan 030031,China;College of agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University/Crop Ecology and Dry Cultivation Physiology Key Laboratory of Shanxi Province,Taigu 030801,China;School of Software,Shanxi Agri-cultural University,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院/省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室(筹),山西太原030800 [2]山西农业大学农学院/作物生态与旱作栽培生理山西省重点实验室,山西太谷030801 [3]山西农业大学软件学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第1期26-34,共9页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31801305,31771727);山西农业大学省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室自主研发项目(202105D121008-3-1);山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2017YJ25)。

摘　　要：[目的]缩减不同农户间冬小麦产量的差距对于提升区域粮食产能有重要意义,农户采用田间管理措施的差异是造成农户间产量差的重要因素之一。[方法]本研究以山西省冬小麦种植大县闻喜县为例,基于调查问卷分析法评价了不同田间管理措施下农户尺度冬小麦产量及其构成因素的差异。[结果]闻喜县农户尺度冬小麦实际产量2.35~10.56 t·hm^(-2),其中89.2%的农户产量高于山西省、运城市及闻喜县平均产量。冬小麦生产中75.3%的农户进行了灌溉,其中灌溉2次和3次条件下的农户产量较灌溉1次和无灌溉显著提高了17.5%~52.0%,灌溉3次提高了穗粒数和千粒重,灌溉2次提高了穗数。33.3%的农户采用叶面施肥,其中喷施1次条件下可通过增加冬小麦的千粒重而实现增产。72.0%的农户播量在121~240 kg·hm^(-2),该播量段较60~120 kg·hm^(-2)播量段提高了产量及其构成因素。播种期对不同农户冬小麦实际产量及其构成因素均无显著影响。随着农药喷施次数的增加,冬小麦穗数增加,实际产量提升,其中76.3%的农户喷施1~2次农药,较不喷农药显著增加了穗粒数,提升了产量。[结论]在当地目前的冬小麦生产技术水平条件下,在拔节至灌浆期进行1~2次灌溉、播种量181~240 kg·hm^(-2)、实施2~3次病虫草害防治及生长中后期进行1次叶面肥喷施等措施可能是缩小农户产量差异的有效措施。[Objective]Reducing the yield gap of winter wheat among farmers plays an important role in the increase of the capacity of regional grain production. Difference in farming practices adopted by farmers is one of the main affect factors to the yield gap among farmers.[Methods]In this study,the yield gap of winter wheat in farmer scale under different farming practices was analyzed based on the questionnaire survey results conducted in Wenxi county,Yuncheng City,Shanxi Province.[Results]The actual grain yield of winter wheat at farmer scale ranged between 2. 35 and 10. 56 t·hm^(-2) in Wenxi county,of which89. 2% of the yields were higher than the average yield of Shanxi province,Yuncheng city,and Wenxi county. About 75. 3%of the fields were irrigated during the crop growth season. The yields of winter wheat in the fields which were irrigated two or three times were increased significantly than that of the fields with once or no irrigation. Three times irrigation increased the kernel number per spike and 1000-grain weight,while irrigation twice increased the spike number. About 33. 3% farmers applied foliar fertilizer in the winter wheat production. Spray once improved the grain yield through the increase of the 1000-grain weight of winter wheat. About 72. 0% farmers applied the seeding rate of 121-240 kg·hm^(-2),which produced higher yields and the constituent factors were improved compared to the 60-120 kg·hm^(-2) seeding rate. No significant difference was observed in the yield and its components of winter wheat between different treatments with different sowing dates. The spike number and the grain yield were increased with the increase of the spray frequency of the pesticides. A total of 76. 3% farmers sprayed 1-2 times pesticides during the entire growth season,which improved the kernel number per spike and grain yield compared with that of no spray groups.[Conclusion]Overall,under the current technical levels for local winter wheat production,the combination of following practices,irrigation once or twice,1

关 键 词：农户产量差 产量构成要素 农作措施 冬小麦 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S5[农业科学—作物学]