蒜田氨挥发特征及其影响因素  

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Ammonia Volatilization in Garlic Field

作　　者：陈艳秋 陈洁 胡智涛 张一帆 严奉君 任万军 周伟[1,2] CHEN Yanqiu;CHEN Jie;HU Zhitao;ZHANG Yifan;YAN Fengjun;REN Wanjun;ZHOU Wei(College of Agriculture,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130;Key Laboratory of Crop Eco Physiology and Farming System in Southwest China,Ministry of Agriculture,Chengdu 611130)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院,成都611130 [2]农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,成都611130

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2022年第1期58-66,共9页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：四川农业大学科研兴趣培养项目(040/2021996348)。

摘　　要：【目的】阐明蒜田氨挥发特征以及环境条件和栽培措施对氨挥发的影响,为大蒜种植的优化施肥提供科学依据。【方法】在长期种植大蒜的试验田中采用原位通气法测定蒜田氨挥发速率,同步测定田间大气和土壤条件,并设置不同施肥量、秸秆处理和不同氮肥类型3因素试验,探究蒜田氨挥发影响因素。【结果】①蒜田氨挥发主要发生在施肥后的1周之内,氨挥发速率呈现先增后降的变化规律,氨挥发总量占施氮量的9.2%,基肥的氨挥发速率最高。②蒜田氨挥发速率与气温、光强、土壤的温度和铵离子浓度显著正相关。③蒜田氨挥发速率与挥发量随施氮量的增加均显著增加;不同类型氮肥相比,碳铵与尿素的氨挥发量极显著高于复合肥,且随氮肥用量的增加差异倍增。④施肥后进行秸秆覆盖可降低氨挥发量,且在低施氮量条件下效果更明显。【结论】氮肥施用量大是蒜田氨挥发量较高的主要原因,减少氮肥施用量,施肥后进行秸秆覆盖,用复合肥等氨挥发风险较低的氮肥代替碳铵和尿素,是降低蒜田氨挥发损失的有效措施。【Objective】The characteristics of ammonia volatilization in garlic field and the effects of envi⁃ronmental conditions and cultivation measures on ammonia volatilization were expounded to provide sci⁃entific basis for optimal nitrogen application of garlic cultivation.【Method】The venting method was used for the in-situ determination of ammonia volatilization rate in a long-term garlic planting field,and the field atmosphere and soil conditions were determined synchronously.Besides,a three-factor experi⁃ment,with different N-fertilizer application amount,straw mulching treatments,and different N fertilizer type,was conducted to study the influencing factors of ammonia volatilization in garlic field.【Result】①Ammonia volatilization mainly occurred in the first week after fertilization,and the ammonia volatilization rate increased first and then decreased.The total ammonia volatilization amount accounted for 9.2%of the total N-fertilizer application amount,and the ammonia volatilization rate of the base fertil⁃izer was the highest.②Ammonia volatilization rate was significantly positively correlated with air tem⁃perature,light intensity,soil temperature and ammonium ion concentration.③The rate and amount of ammonia volatilization increased significantly with the increase of N-fertilizer application amount.Com⁃pared with the three different types of N-fertilizer,ammonia volatilization of ammonium bicarbonate and urea was significantly higher than that of compound fertilizer,and the difference also increased with the increasing of N-fertilizer application amount.④Straw mulching after fertilization could reduce ammonia volatilization,and the reducing effect was more obvious under low N-fertilizer application amount.【Conclusion】The results indicated that the large amount of N-fertilizer application was the main reason for the high ammonia volatilization in garlic field.To reduce the N-fertilizer application amount,straw mulching after fertilization,and replace ammonium bicarbonate and ur

关 键 词：大蒜 氨挥发 施氮量 肥料类型 秸秆覆盖 

分 类 号：S633[农业科学—蔬菜学] S36[农业科学—园艺学]