铜铁预合金粉末对铜基摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响  

Effect of Cu‒Fe pre-alloyed powders on the friction and wear properties of Cu-based friction materials

作　　者：魏东彬 章林 张鹏 吴佩芳 曹静武 释加才让 丁向莹 赵尚节 曲选辉 WEI Dong-bin;ZHANG Lin;ZHANG Peng;WU Pei-fang;CAO Jing-wu;SHIJIA Cai-rang;DING Xiang-ying;ZHAO Shang-jie;QU Xuan-hui(Beijing Tianrendaohe New Material Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100094,China;Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京天仁道和新材料有限公司,北京100094 [2]北京科技大学新材料技术研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《粉末冶金技术》2022年第1期4-12,共9页Powder Metallurgy Technology

基　　金：北京市优秀人才培养资助项目(2018000077606G478);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFB0301403)。

摘　　要：利用粉末冶金方法制备了含不同质量分数铜铁预合金粉末的铜基摩擦材料,并在不同温度下对材料摩擦性能进行测试。结果表明:铜铁预合金粉末的引入使得铁元素在烧结后铜基体中及铜基体与其他组元界面处析出,阻碍了烧结,导致材料密度下降。存在于界面处的铁以及反应生成的珠光体成为硬质强化相,使得材料的磨损机理从纯铜基体时的黏着磨损向添加铜铁预合金粉末之后的磨粒磨损转变,导致摩擦系数先下降后上升。200~250℃为摩擦系数保持稳定的临界温度。当超过临界温度时,摩擦表面铜软化,其自润滑作用使得摩擦系数下降。含30%铜铁预合金粉末的铜基摩擦材料(质量分数)的摩擦磨损性能最佳,这是由于此时摩擦材料兼具铜良好的塑性以及生成的适量硬质相能够强化摩擦表面。Copper-based friction materials containing the Cu-Fe pre-alloyed powders in different mass fraction were prepared by powder metallurgy method,and the friction properties were tested at different temperatures.The results show that,with the introduction of the Cu-Fe pre-alloyed powders,the iron participates in the copper matrix and the interface between copper matrix and other components,which hinders the sintering process and reduces the density.The formed pearlite and the participated iron at the interface act as the hard-strengthening phase,which changes the wear mechanism from the adhesive wear of the pure copper matrix to the abrasive wear after adding the Cu-Fe pre-alloyed powders,resulting in the reduction of friction coefficient at first and then rising.The critical temperature is 200~250℃for maintaining the stable friction coefficient.When the temperature exceeds the critical temperature,the copper on the friction surface softens and its self-lubricating effect leads to the decrease of friction coefficient.30%Cu-Fe pre-alloyed powders by mass is the optimum content for the copper-based friction materials,and the copper-based friction materials have the good plasticity of copper and the appropriate amount of the hard phases to strengthen the friction surface.

关 键 词：铜基摩擦材料 铜铁预合金粉末 析出 摩擦系数 磨损表面 

分 类 号：TG146.11[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]