基于葵花-8卫星宁夏暴雨监测预警指标研究  

Monitoring and Early Warning Indexes of Rainstorm Using Himawari-8 in Ningxia

作　　者：张晓茹 李映春[4] 纪晓玲[1,2,3] 邵建 ZHANG Xiaoru;LI Yingchun;JI Xiaoling;SHAO Jian(Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions,CMA,Yinchuan 750002,China;Ningxia Key Lab of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction,Yinchuan 750002,China;Ningxia Meteorological Observatory,Yinchuan 750002,China;Tianshui Meteorological Bureau,Tianshui 741000,China;Yinchuan Meteorological Bureau,Yinchuan 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室,宁夏银川750002 [3]宁夏气象台,宁夏银川750002 [4]天水市气象局,甘肃天水741000 [5]银川市气象局,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2022年第1期41-47,共7页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然基金(41865008);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2020BEG03027);中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室青年培养项目(CAMF-201813);第五批“宁夏回族自治区青年科技人才托举工程”)。

摘　　要：基于葵花-8卫星红外通道资料和地面降水数据,对2017年5—9月宁夏暴雨过程进行云团识别、特征参数(云顶平均亮温、最低亮温、亮温梯度、冷云面积和降温率)计算及监测预警指标分析。结果表明:所选云团特征参数在不同类暴雨过程中有较明显的表现特征。暴雨发生时,云顶平均亮温和最低亮温分别介于213~228 K和199~227 K,亮温梯度处于4~50℃/km,冷云面积介于2.7×10^(1)~5.7×10^(4)km^(2),降温率处于6~36℃/h。云顶亮温和冷云面积更有利于判别暴雨类型,亮温梯度和降温率更有利于预估降水量。参数在不同降水量级中的表现差异较明显,当降水量达30、40、50和85 mm时,需密切监测云团参数变化趋势,当其出现异常或突变时,应及时考虑降水量持续增加的可能性。The infrared data of meteorological satellite Himawari-8 and the ground precipitation were used for the recognition and the calculation of the characteristic parameters of clouds and the analysis of the monitoring and early warning indexes of rainstorms in Ningxia during May to September 2017.The characteristic parameters of clouds included the average brightness temperature (TBB;),the minimum brightness temperature(TBB;)of cloud top,the brightness temperature gradient(G),the area of cold cloud(A;)and the cloud top cooling rate(CTC).The results showed that these parameters had obvious characteristics in different types of rainstorm.Rainstorms usually occurred in the conditions with TBB;of 213~228 K,TBB;of 199~227 K,G of 4~50℃/km,A;of 2.7×10^(1)~5.7×10^(10)km^(2)and CTC of 6~36℃/h.The TBB and the A;were more conducive to distinguish the type of rainstorm,while the G and CTC were more helpful to the prediction of precipitation.These characteristic parameters were also various in different levels of precipitation.It was necessary to closely monitor the variation trend of cloud parameters,when the precipitation reached 30,40,50 and 85 mm.The possibility of continuous increase of precipitation should be considered when abnormal or abrupt changes of these parameters occur.

关 键 词：暴雨 葵花-8气象卫星 亮温梯度 云顶降温率 

分 类 号：P457.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]