新形势下黄河水沙调控策略研究  

Research on Water and Sediment Regulation of the Yellow River under New Situation

作　　者：胡春宏[1,2] 张双虎 张晓明[1,2] Hu Chunhong;Zhang Shuanghu;Zhang Xiaoming(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2022年第1期122-130,共9页Strategic Study of CAE

基　　金：中国工程院咨询项目“黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展战略研究”(2020-ZD-18)。

摘　　要：黄河水沙调控对保障黄河长久安澜至关重要。近几十年来,受自然因素和水土保持等人类活动的双重影响,黄河来水来沙量持续发生变化,水资源量略有减少、来沙量锐减,为此,科学研判未来黄河来水来沙量是制定水沙调控策略最基础、最关键的科学问题。本文分析了1919—2020年百年尺度下的黄河来水来沙量的演变情况,并预测了未来50年的黄河来水来沙量;系统总结了目前黄河水沙调控面临的主要问题,即黄河上游河道淤积萎缩、黄河下游滩区治理策略与高质量发展要求不适应、黄土高原水土流失治理区域不均衡等。在此基础上,提出了新水沙条件下的黄河水沙调控策略建议,一是以黄河上游黑山峡河段开发和古贤水利枢纽建设为重点,完善水沙调控体系;二是黄河下游滩区分区治理、改造河道并释放部分滩区,实现滩区防洪运用与高质量发展的协同;三是科学开展黄土高原分区分类水土保持措施,调整黄土高原治理格局,协同推进生态保护和乡村振兴。Water and sediment regulation is critical for the long-term safety of the Yellow River. Influenced by both natural factors and human activities such as water and soil conservation, the amount of water and sediments of the Yellow River continues varying. The amount of water resources decreases slightly and sediments decrease sharply. A scientific prediction of the amount of sediments in the future is crucial for formulating the strategy for water and sediment regulation of the Yellow River. In this paper, we analyze the variation characteristics of the amount of water and sediments from 1919 to 2020, predict the annual sediment transport of the Yellow River in the next 50 years, and systematically summarize the main problems regarding water and sediment regulation in the Yellow River Basin such as river sedimentation atrophy in the upper reaches, incompatibility between river regulation strategies with high-quality development requirements in the lower reaches, and mismatched measures of soil and water loss control in the Loess Plateau. Three targeted strategies for water and sediment regulation under new conditions are proposed. The first is to perfect the water and sediment regulation engineering system with focus on the development of Heishanxia reach and the construction of the Guxian water conservancy project. The second is to manage regionally floodplains at the lower reaches, renovate river channels, and release a part of the floodplains. The third is to adjust soil and water conservation measures according to local nature and water conditions.

关 键 词：黄河 新水沙条件 水沙调控 水利枢纽 分区治理 生态保护 

分 类 号：TV882.1[水利工程—水利水电工程]