半干旱沙地小叶锦鸡儿种子虫害及其对种子质量的影响  

Seed pests and their effect on quality of Caragana microphylla seeds in semi-arid sandy land

作　　者：胡鸿姣 刘新平 刘伟春 林会全 杨春宇 张铜会 何玉惠 孙姗姗 程莉 徐远志 HU Hongjiao;LIU Xinping;LIU Weichun;LIN Huiquan;YANG Chunyu;ZHANG Tonghui;HE Yuhui;SUN Shanshan;CHENG Li;XU Zhiyuan(Naiman Desertification Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Inner Mongolia Tongliao City Kulun Banner Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Kulun 028200,Inner Mongolia,China;Tongliao Daliushu State-owned Desertification Control Farm,Naiman 028300,Inner Mongolia,China;Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Science,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院奈曼沙漠化研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]通辽市库伦旗农业技术推广中心,内蒙古库伦028200 [4]通辽市奈曼旗大柳树国有治沙林场,内蒙古奈曼028300 [5]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院皋兰生态与农业综合研究站,甘肃兰州73000

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第1期48-56,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：中国科学院科技扶贫项目(KFJ-FP-202104);中国科学院(A类)战略性先导科技专项(XDA26020104)。

摘　　要：种子虫害严重阻碍了我国北方锦鸡儿属(Caragana)灌木造林和产业化利用工作的开展。为此,本研究通过探究科尔沁沙地结实初期(6月9日)、结实中期(6月18日)、结实后期(6月27日)和结实末期(7月6日)小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)植株不同部位(东、南、西和北)的种子虫害情况及其对种子质量的影响,分析虫害发生特点并制定专向防治措施。结果表明:结种量、虫害率和种子质量在不同部位间均差异不显著(P>0.05)。结种量在结实初期后显著下降(P<0.05),之后在结实中期趋于稳定。植株成功结种率稳定为89.2%。虫害率由结实初期的7.4%急剧上升至结实中期的19.3%,并在结实后期之后稳定为22.8%。虫害对种子质量存在显著的负面影响(P<0.05),其中千粒重、发芽率和发芽势分别降低了30.7%、17.2%和34.7%,出苗率与发芽率差异不显著(P>0.05)。本研究明确了小叶锦鸡儿种子害虫的为害程度和发生特点,有助于我国北方干旱和半干旱地区锦鸡儿属灌木种子虫害的调查和防治工作。Seed pests have severely hindered afforestation with and the industrial utilization of Caragana shrubs in North China.Therefore,in the initial(June 9),middle(June 18),late(June 27),and last(July 6)bearing phases of Caragana microphylla grown in Horqin Sandy Land,we investigated damage induced by seed pests in these plants while the latter were under different orientations(east,south,west,and north)and examined the effect of the damage on seed quality.Next,we analyzed the occurrence characteristics of seed pests and formulated a specific prevention measure.The results showed that there was no significant difference(P>0.05)between the seed-set amount,pest rate,and seed quality at different plant orientations.The seed-set amount decreased significantly(P<0.05)in the initial bearing phase and tended to stabilize in the middle bearing phase.The successful seed set rate stabilized at 89.17%.The pest rate increased sharply from 7.4%in the initial bearing phase to 19.3%in the last bearing phase before stabilizing at 22.8%in the late bearing phase.Pests reduced seed quality significantly(P<0.05),causing the thousand-seed weight,germination rate,and germination potential to decrease by 30.7%,17.2%,and 34.7%,respectively,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05)between seedling emergence and germination rate.This study clarified the degree of damage caused by seed pests and occurrence characteristics of seed pests in C.microphylla,contributing to the investigation and prevention of seed pest infestation in Caragana shrubs in the arid and semi-arid areas of northern China.

关 键 词：小叶锦鸡儿 结实期 植株部位 种子质量 虫害率 种子害虫 虫害发生规律 

分 类 号：S763.7[农业科学—森林保护学]