不同粗饲料补饲配合精料对肉驴育肥的影响  

Effects of different roughage formulations,supplemented with concentrate,on fattening donkeys raised for meat

作　　者：李灵 张昌吉[1] LI Ling;ZHANG Changji(College of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第1期180-186,共7页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：甘肃马驴种质资源评价利用及高效养殖技术研究与示范(GARS-TSYZ-2);甘肃省驴养殖关键技术试验示范(GARS-TSYZ-2-2)。

摘　　要：为研究苜蓿干草(Medicago sativa)、玉米秸秆(Zea mays)、麦秸(Triticum paleas)以及芦苇(Phragmites australis)补充配合精料对肉驴育肥的影响,选取25头2~3周岁、体重在145~150 kg的育肥驴,随机分为5组(每组5个重复),分别为对照组(苜蓿干草)、A组(苜蓿干草+配合精料)、B组(玉米秸秆+配合精料)、C组(麦秸+配合精料)和D组(芦苇+配合精料),试验组每头每天补饲配合精料1 kg,试验期包括7 d预试期和56 d正试期,测定并分析肉驴干物质采食量、养分表观消化率、生长性能及生产效益,由此评价4种粗饲料的作用及效率。研究结果表明:1)A组的干物质采食量显著高于B、C和D组(P<0.05),但与对照组间无显著差异(P>0.05);A组的平均日增重极显著高于B、C和D组(P<0.01),显著高于对照组(P<0.05);D组的料重比极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01),其中C组显著高于A组、B组和对照组(P<0.05),A组、B组与对照组均差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)C组干物质消化率均显著低于其他各组(P<0.05);A组粗蛋白消化率最高,显著高于B组和D组(P<0.05),但与对照组和C组无显著差异(P>0.05);D组酸性洗涤纤维的消化率显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),各组中性洗涤纤维的消化率无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)对照组可获得最大收益,而D组则呈亏损状态。对照组的收益显著高于A组和B组(P<0.05),极显著高于C组(P<0.01);A组和B组的收益差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,苜蓿干草可作为肉驴育肥阶段的单一饲粮,无需补充精料;玉米秸秆可作为育肥驴的基础饲粮,适当补充精料能提高消化率和经济效益;麦秸和芦苇不适宜作为驴育肥阶段的基础饲粮。The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different roughage,supplemented with concentrate,on fattening donkeys raised for meat and to determine the effects of alfalfa hay,corn straw,wheat straw,and reed-supplemented with concentrate-on the dry matter intake(DMI),apparent nutrient digestibility,growth performance,and production benefit of the same.Therefore,25 donkeys raised for meat(aged 2~3 years and weighing 145~150 kg)set to be fattened were randomly divided into the following 5 groups(5 replicates in each):control(alfalfa hay),group A(alfalfa hay+mixed concentrate),group B(corn straw+mixed concentrate),group C(wheat straw+mixed concentrate),and group D(reed+mixed concentrate).The results showed the following.1)The DMI of the animals in group A was significantly higher than those of groups B,C,and D(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between group A and the control group(P>0.05).The average daily gain in group A was significantly higher than those in groups B,C,and D(P<0.01)and the control group(P<0.05).The feed to weight ratio in group D was significantly higher than those in the other groups(P<0.01)while that in group C was significantly higher than those in groups A and B and the control(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between groups A and B and the control(P>0.05).2)The dry matter digestibility in group C was significantly lower than those in the other groups(P<0.05).The crude protein digestibility in group A was the highest and more significant than those in groups B and D(P<0.05);however,there was no significant difference between groups A and C(P>0.05).The digestibility of acid detergent fiber in group D was significantly higher than those in the other groups(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber in each group(P>0.05).3)The control group yielded maximum profit while group D produced a loss.The income from the control group was significantly higher than those from groups A and B(P<0.05)and group C(P<0.01)

关 键 词：育肥驴 粗饲料 干物质采食量 料重比 表观消化率 生长性能 生产效益 

分 类 号：S822.5[农业科学—畜牧学]