文旅融合背景下中外文物开放形势综述  

Literature Review of Access to Cultural Relics in China and Abroad in the Context of Integration of Culture and Tourism

作　　者：于冰 Yu Bing(Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]中国文化遗产研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《中国文化遗产》2022年第1期53-65,共13页China Cultural Heritage

基　　金：中国文化遗产研究院与意大利国家研究委员会(CNR)第二期合作项目“文化线路保护利用与开放政策及案例研究”阶段性研究成果;中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助。

摘　　要：在文物利用、文物旅游、文物活化和文物开放等概念中,"文物开放"既可反映国际宏观趋势,各行业又能普遍理解。对中外相关学术成果统计数据进行定量分析结果显示,中外文物和旅游研究主题融合程度存在巨大差别。从时间维度和类型维度概览近年中外文物开放政策及相关案例,时间维度上文物开放的历史进程可分为专业开放、被动开放和融合开放阶段;类型维度上可反映在重大行动、机构改革、法规制定、资金机制和学术体制等五个方面。当前全球文物事业正在全面融入经济、社会、生态和文化可持续发展潮流,文物开放构成文化遗产事业的新核心特征,给全世界各国文化遗产事业赋予新的环境条件、价值原则、方针目标,成为推动文化遗产事业体制改革、政策创新、学术争鸣的主要动力。中国文物开放目前仍在被动开放阶段徘徊探索,融合开放阶段在重大行动方面刚刚起步,与国际形势基本同步,但在体制、法规、资金和学术等制度化建设方面急需加强。The academic discussions on the integration of culture and tourism are becoming increasingly active. Nonetheless,the academic research on cultural relic tourism from the perspective of cultural relic preservation is scarce, and there are more disputes than syntheses in terms of relevant concepts and methods, making it difficult to reach a consensus. In the context of the integration of culture and tourism, it is very necessary and important to actively participate in the cause of cultural relic preservation, which requires a thorough study of relevant theories, policies and measures. Therefore, the starting point of the research is to identify the trends, discover the shortcomings and analyze the problems through the summary of current situations at home and abroad.This paper first analyzes several emerging concepts that are commonly used but not strictly defined by the cultural heritage experts: the utilization of cultural relics, cultural relic tourism, the revitalization of cultural relics, and access to cultural relics. Considering that the first three are either too obscure for outsiders or less used in official documents, this paper chooses "access to cultural relics" as the keywords, which can reflect the international trends at the macro level and be universally understood.The review is carried out in two aspects: knowledge graph and policy overview. A quantitative analysis of the relevant statistical data from two digital platforms of academic journals—China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) and Journal Storage(JSTOR)—is performed based on the knowledge graph. The results show that the research topics "cultural relics" and "tourism"hardly overlap in China but frequently coincide with each other abroad. The policy overview involves two dimensions: time and category. From the time dimension, the historical process of access to cultural relics is divided into three stages: the professional, the passive and the integration. From the category dimension, the international policies on access to cultur

关 键 词：文旅融合 文物开放 文物旅游 政策 中外比较 国际视野 

分 类 号：K86[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] G112[历史地理—历史学]