汉语是OV型和VO型的混合语吗?  

Is Chinese a Mixture of OV and VO?

作　　者：吴桐 吴长安[2] Wu Tong;Wu Chang’an

机构地区：[1]吉林大学文学院,130012 [2]东北师范大学文学院,130024

出　　处：《汉语学报》2022年第1期9-19,共11页Chinese Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金(编号:16byy139);国家语委重点项目(编号:ZDI145-12)的支持。

摘　　要：汉民族对表达和为表达所造的备用件(即词的相对固定的组合结构)分别采取了VO和OV手段以显示二者的差别。这是汉语的标记方式,也是汉语显示二者区别的广义形态手段。本文对短语和词组重新进行了定义,把表达中有机截取的句内语言片段叫短语,把词与词先行组合作为表达的备用件结构叫词组,二者显现了语序的不同。当然,在具体的表达中,汉语呈现了复杂的面貌,如双音节的VO游离在词、语之间,抽象化了或者经过重新分析的VO能固定下来,主谓关系也能模仿OV手段造词等。汉语虽然在不同层次采用不同的语序手段,但在表达这个层次上,VO语序是基本的、常规的样态。相关文献所提出的15条蕴涵共性原则,只能做参考,不能做标准,很多语言都证明了这一点。Chinese people adopted VO and OV respectively to show the difference between the expression and the spare parts made for expression(i.e.,the relatively fixed combination structure of words).This is not only the way of marking in Chinese,but also the general morphological means of displaying differences.We call the linguistic fragments intercepted from sentences phrases and the word-combination structures word groups,and they show differences in word order.Naturally,in specific expressions,the Chinese language reveals complex features.For example,the disyllabic VO may be a word or a phrase,abstracted or re-analyzed VO can be fixed,and subject-predicate relationship can also imitate OV to create words,etc.Although the Chinese language uses different word order at different levels,VO word order is basic and conventional at the level of expression.The 15 principles of commonality can only be used as a reference,not as a standard,which has been proved by many languages.

关 键 词：汉民族 VO和OV意识 汉语语序 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]