论汉语方言给予动词“把”的产生  

On the Emergence of the Verb "Bǎ(把)" Denoting "Give" in Chinese Dialects

作　　者：毛文静 Mao Wenjing

机构地区：[1]中南民族大学文传学院,430074

出　　处：《汉语学报》2022年第1期67-79,共13页Chinese Linguistics

基　　金：中南民族大学2020年中央高校基本科研经费(编号:CSQ20016)资助。

摘　　要：近代汉语"把+与+Oi"结构中的"把"可能是持拿动词或给予动词,也可能是处置介词,汉语方言"把"由持拿义转变为给予义不是"把""与"连用而发生的"词义感染",而是在双宾式"(S+)把+N_(人)+N_(物)"中词义发展的结果。从认知语言学的力动态模式来分析,持拿事件和给予事件一样有三个"力实体",给予事件包含给予者、给予物和接受者,持拿事件包含持拿者、持拿物、持拿物的来源者,两者的不同之处在于"能量流"方向相反,"把"由持拿义转化为给予义反映了词义在历时发展过程中的反向扩展。给予动词"把"可能最早出现在明代的吴语中,向北影响江淮官话,向西南影响赣语,并进一步由赣语进入两湖西南官话和湘语。In the modern Chinese construction"bǎ(把)+yǔ(与)+Oi",the verb"bǎ(把)"is likely to be a verb which has the sense of"take"or"give",or a disposal preposition.However,the verb"bǎ(把)",changing from the meaning of"take"to"give",is not the result of a semantic infection by the verb"yǔ(与)"when they are adjacent in the construction.Instead,this semantic change appears in the double-object construction"(S+)bǎ(把)+Nperson+Nthing".From the perspective of force dynamics,the TAKE event consists of three force entities which are the taker,the thing and the takee,being the same as the GIVE event including the giver,the thing and the recipient,the three force entities.The opposite direction of the energy flow underlying these two events results in the antonymic extension of"bǎ(把)"from"take"to"give",which appeared probably as early as Ming dynasty in Wu dialect.The verb"bǎ(把)",with its new meaning of"give"in Wu dialect,entered adjacent Northern Jianghuai Mandarin and Southwest Gan dialect,and then,from Gan dialect,further spread to Southwest Mandarin and Xiang dialect in Hubei and Hunan provinces.

关 键 词：把 持拿 给予 双宾语 词义演变 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]