渝西南地区变应性鼻炎吸入性变应原谱分析  

Characteristic analysis of aeroallergens in allergic rhinitis patients of southwest Chongqing

作　　者：张愈正 伍莹 邹天添 江洪[1] ZHANG Yuzheng;WU Ying;ZOU Tiantian;JIANG Hong(Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 402160,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学附属永川医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,重庆402160

出　　处：《中国耳鼻咽喉颅底外科杂志》2022年第1期22-27,共6页Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-skull Base Surgery

摘　　要：目的了解重庆西南地区吸入性变应原的分布情况,从而为该地区变应性鼻炎(AR)的防治提供流行病学依据。方法回顾性收集2017年1月—2020年8月在重庆医科大学附属永川医院进行变应原检查患者4199例,按照年龄、检测时间和性别等统计各变应原阳性率,分析流行特征和变化趋势。结果①在4199例疑似AR患者中,其中症状、体征和皮内试验(IST)结果相符合的总共有3488例,整体阳性率为83.07%;②排列前3位的吸入性变应原依次为户尘螨、粉尘螨和多价昆虫;③总体而言,夏季的总阳性率最高,季节之间变应原阳性率的差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=22.11,P<0.001);④男女患者的变应原总阳性率差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.47,P=0.001),但绝大部分变应原阳性率与性别无相关性;⑤随着年龄的增长,吸入性变应原阳性率逐渐减低;各年龄组的总体阳性率具有统计学意义(P<0.001);⑥患者阳性变应原个数的分布显示,三重变应原阳性位列首位(11.70%)。结论重庆西南地区的主要变应原为户尘螨,变应原的总体阳性率与患者性别、季节以及年龄有关。Objective To determine the distribution of aeroallergens in patients with allergic rhinitis(AR)in southwest Chongqing,so as to provide epidemiological evidence for the prevention and treatment of AR in this area.Methods A total of 4199 suspected AR patients undergoing allergen test in Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from Jan 2017 to Aug 2020 were collected.The positive rate of each allergen was counted according to patients’age and gender,testing season,and so on.The epidemiological characteristics and trends were analyzed.Results①Among the 4199 suspected AR patients,there were 3488 cases whose symptoms,signs,and intracutaneous test results were consistent,with an overall positive rate of 83.07%.②The most common aeroallergens were dermatophagoides pteronyssinus,dermatophagoides farin,and polyvalent insects in order.③The differences among the positive rates of allergen in different seasons were statistically significant(χ^(2)=22.11,P<0.001),with highest positive rate in summer.④There was significant difference of total positive rate of allergen between the male and female(χ^(2)=10.47,P=0.001),and there was no significant correlation between most allergens and gender.⑤With the increase of age,the positive rate of aeroallergens decreased gradually.The differences of overall positive rate were statistically significant among different age groups(all P<0.001).⑥In terms of the number of positive allergens,patients with triple positive allergens were the most commom(11.70%).Conclusions The main allergen in southwest Chongqing is dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.The positive rate of allergen has relationship with the patients’gender and age,and the presentation season.

关 键 词：鼻炎 变应性 常年性 季节性 变应原 皮内试验 

分 类 号：R765.21[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]