基于主成分分析的生活再生水滴灌对苹果影响的综合评价  

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effect of Drip Irrigation with Domestic Reclaimed Water on Apple Based on Principal Component Analysis

作　　者：朱永福 田军仓[1,2,3] 董思琼 沈晖 闫新房[1,2,3] ZHU Yong-fu;TIAN Jun-cang;DONG Si-qiong;SHEN Hui;YAN Xin-fang(School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Engineering Technology Research Center of Water-Saving and Water Resource Regulation in Ningxia,Yinchuan 750021,China;Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in Arid Regions,Ministry of Education,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏节水灌溉与水资源调控工程技术研究中心,银川750021 [3]旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程研究中心,银川750021

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2022年第2期21-27,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“生活再生水回用技术研发与示范”(2018YFC0408104);宁夏高等学校一流学科建设项目(NXYLXK2017A03,NX⁃YLXK2021A03)。

摘　　要：为了探究生活再生水滴灌灌溉定额与施肥量对苹果生长、光合、产量和品质的影响。采用3因素(水质Q、灌溉定额W、施肥量F)3水平(低、中、高)正交试验,利用极差分析、方差分析和主成分分析,得出了生活再生水滴灌对苹果各指标的主次顺序、显著性、最优组合方案以及各指标综合得分最高方案。结果表明,3因素对苹果新梢长度、茎粗、Pn、产量影响的主次顺序为W>F>Q,灌溉定额W和施肥量F对上述指标影响均显著,上述指标均随灌溉定额和施肥量的增加而不断增大;3因素对苹果可溶性固形物影响的主次顺序为F>Q>W,对其影响均显著,可溶性固形物随灌溉定额和施肥量的增加先增加后减少;3因素对苹果总糖和维生素C影响的主次顺序为F>W>Q,灌溉定额和施肥量对其影响均显著;主成分分析显示,前3个主成分累积方差贡献率达95.333%,由综合得分排名知T3处理为生活再生水滴灌苹果较优的组合方案。即在砂砾石土、生育期降雨量为180.4 mm的条件下,对于4 a生矮砧密植礼泉短富苹果,采用生活再生水滴灌,灌溉定额为6480 m^(3)/hm^(2),施肥量为317 kg/hm^(2),为宁夏采用生活再生水滴灌苹果生产的水肥管理方案,为实现苹果的优质、高效生产奠定理论基础。In order to explore the effects of drip irrigation quota and fertilizer amount on apple growth,photosynthesis,yield and quality,three factors(water quality Q,irrigation quota W,fertilizer amount F)three levels(low,medium and high)orthogonal test,range analysis,variance analysis and principal component analysis were used.The primary and secondary order,significance,optimal combination scheme and the scheme with the highest comprehensive score of each index of domestic reclaimed water drip irrigation on apple were obtained.The results showed that the primary and secondary order of the effects of the three factors on apple shoot length,stem diameter,Pn and yield was W>F>Q,the effects of irrigation quota W and fertilizer amount F on the above indexes were significant,and the above indexes increased with the increase of irrigation quota and fertilizer amount;The primary and secondary order of the effects of the three factors on apple soluble solids were F>Q>W,and the effects were significant,and soluble solids first increased and then decreased with the increase of irrigation quota and fertilization;The primary and secondary order of the effects of the three factors on apple total sugar and vitamin C were F>W>Q,and the effects of irrigation quota and fertilization were significant.Principal component analysis results showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the first three principal components was 95.333%.According to the comprehensive score ranking,T3 treatment was a better combination scheme for drip irrigation of apples with domestic reclaimed water.That is,under the condition of gravel soil and 180.4 mm rainfall during the growth period,for the 4-year-old dense planting of Liquan Duanfu apple with dwarf rootstock,the irrigation quota of 6480 m^(3)/hm^(2) and the fertilization amount of 317 kg/hm^(2) is better for domestic reclaimed water drip irrigation.The study lays a theoretical foundation for the water and fertilizer management scheme of apple production with domestic reclaimed water drip irrig

关 键 词：生活再生水 滴灌 水质 苹果 水肥组合 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S273[农业科学—农业水土工程]