面向无人机空地通信的无线信道密钥生成技术研究  

Design of Key Generation Schemes for Aerial Communication Scene of UAVs

作　　者：高玉威 熊俊 郭登科 马东堂[1] GAO Yu-Wei;XIONG Jun;GUO Deng-Ke;MA Dong-Tang(College of Electronic Science and Technology,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学电子科学学院,长沙410073

出　　处：《密码学报》2022年第1期76-87,共12页Journal of Cryptologic Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61372099,61601480,61931020,U19B2024,61801494)。

摘　　要：无人机(unmanned aerial vehicles,UAVs)部署为空中通信节点为地面用户提供服务是未来非常具有吸引力的通信手段,基于信道密钥生成的方式可用于解决无线通信的安全问题.但空地信道的信道特征在短时间内互易性不佳的特点,会导致信道密钥生成性能急剧下降.针对这一问题,本文针对无人机测控单载波频域均衡(signal carrier frequency-domain equalization,SC-FDE)通信体制,提出了一种基于信道频域响应幅度最大值位置变化的单比特信道特征量化方法设计,所提量化方法有效融合了信道频域响应的幅度和位置信息,降低了初始密钥的不一致率.进一步,基于此量化方法设计了一整套可应用于无人机测控通信的密钥生成方案.最后,利用Xilinx的ZYNQ平台,搭建实现了实时的测控信道密钥生成系统,验证了所提方案在无人机空地信道下的可行性和可靠性.特别地,基于搭建的无线信道密钥生成系统,在节点静止、运动等不同无人机空地通信场景下进行了外场测试.结果表明,在终端运动状态下生成的密钥可以通过NIST随机性测试,且其密钥生成速率达28 bps.It is promising to deploy unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)as aerial base stations to provide communication services for ground users in the future.The commonly known secret key generation method can be used to solve some security issues of wireless communications for UAVs.However,the channel characteristics may have poor reciprocity,which highly reduces the performance of key generation.In this regard,this paper proposes a single-bit quantization method based on the position variation of the maximum channel frequency-domain response amplitude for the UAV signal carrier frequency-domain equalization(SC-FDE)measurement and control communication systems,which effectively integrates the amplitude and position information of the channel frequency domain response and reduces the inconsistency rate of the initial key.This paper also designs a set of key generation schemes that can be employed to UAV measurement and control communications based on the proposed quantification method.Finally,a prototype for the real-time measurement and control channel key generation system is developed based on Xilinx's ZYNQ platform,which is used to verify the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed key generation method under UAV-to-ground channels.Specifically,various field tests under different UAV-to-ground communication scenarios have been conducted,where the nodes are stationary and moving.Experimental results show that the keys generated for the mobile terminal can pass the NIST test and the key generation rate(KGR)can reach 28 bps.

关 键 词：密钥生成 物理层安全 无人机通信 

分 类 号：TP309.7[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]