论晚清时代中国知识分子的波兰观  

On the Polish View of Chinese Intellectuals in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：孙昉[1] Sun Fang(Commercial Press,Beijing 100006,China)

机构地区：[1]商务印书馆,北京100006

出　　处：《衡阳师范学院学报》2022年第1期64-71,共8页Journal of Hengyang Normal University

摘　　要：晚清时代,一些忧心国事的知识分子通过种种途径了解到波兰历史地理知识,并结合中国当时的危迫现状,运用评论、小说、戏剧等多种体裁向公众介绍波兰亡国和抗争历史。晚清时代知识分子从波兰三遭瓜分的历史寻找殷鉴,形成富有时代特征的波兰观,表达他们维新变法和反清革命的政治主张,反映他们认识到国际公法屈从于强权的事实,并从俄国侵略同为斯拉夫民族的波兰的历史事实,意识到日本以"同文同种"之说迷惑中国的真正图谋。中国知识分子普遍对波兰爱国运动持以同情,并对波兰复国有乐观的期待。晚清最后十年,不畏挫折的波兰爱国运动更是成为立志推翻清朝统治的包括许多知识分子在内的中国革命党人的榜样。In the late Qing Dynasty, some intellectuals who worried about the state affairs learned about Poland’s history and geography through various ways. Combined with the critical situation of China at that time, they introduced the history of Poland’s subjugation and resistance to the public by using various genres, such as comments, novels and dramas. The intellectuals of the late Qing Dynasty looked for lessons from the history of Poland’s three partition, and then formed a Polish view with the characteristics of the times, expressed their political propositions of the Reform Movement of 1898 and anti Qing revolution, reflected their recognition of the fact that the public international law was subject to power. And they learned from the historical fact that Russia invaded Poland, which is also a Slavic nationality, and aware of Japan’s real attempt to confuse China with the theory of"the same language and the same race". Chinese intellectuals generally sympathize with the Polish patriotic movement and have optimistic expectations for the restoration of Poland. In the last decade of the late Qing Dynasty, the Polish patriotic movement, which was not afraid of setbacks, became an example for Chinese revolutionaries, including many intellectuals, who were determined to overthrow the rule of the Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：晚清时代 知识分子 波兰观 瓜分危机 

分 类 号：K203[历史地理—历史学]