萃取过程中微观到宏观的多尺度超分子组装——离子液体的特异性功能  

Microscopic,Mesoscopic and Macroscopic Supramolecular Assembly in Extraction Specific Functions of Ionic Liquids

作　　者：史策 沈兴海[1] SHI Ce;SHEN Xing-hai(Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,Fundamental Science on Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Laboratory,Center for Applied Physics and Technology,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京分子科学国家研究中心,放射化学与辐射化学重点学科实验室,应用物理与技术研究中心,北京大学,化学与分子工程学院,北京100871

出　　处：《核化学与放射化学》2022年第1期1-14,共14页Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学联合基金重点项目(U1830202);科学挑战计划(TZ2016004)。

摘　　要：液-液萃取体系中萃取剂和萃合物可能具有表面活性,从而形成多种超分子组装体如囊泡、胶束等。这些超分子组装过程通常均局限于微观或介观尺度,针对萃取体系界面的研究也主要集中在微观和介观尺度。最近,本课题组发现萃取体系界面形成宏观超分子组装(MSA)新现象。通过MSA体系可以从宏观尺度分析萃取过程的界面行为。MSA过程发生在离子液体萃取体系,为研究离子液体体系中复杂的超分子作用提供了新思路。本文主要围绕萃取过程中微观到宏观的不同尺度超分子组装行为进行评述。首先总结了萃取体系中的微观界面性质和离子交换行为。进一步地,对萃取体系中介观尺度的超分子组装进行了分析总结。最后,重点介绍了离子液体萃取体系界面上MSA过程的机理及其分离应用。一方面,该过程提供了新的萃取分离方法;另一方面,离子液体体系界面在MSA过程中呈现出持续的Marangoni效应,为MSA领域的一个重要科学问题即持续推动力问题的解决,提供了新的途径。In liquid-liquid extraction systems,extractants and extracted complexes may have surface activity,resulting in the formation of a variety of supramolecular assemblies such as vesicles and micelles.The assemblies are limited at microscopic and mesoscopic scales.Researches on interface of extraction also focus on microscopic and mesoscopic scales at present.Recently,our group first reported macroscopic supramolecular assembly(MSA)at the interface of extraction systems.The interface can be studied on macroscopic scales by MSA.The process of MSA in ionic liquids(ILs)based extraction systems also provides a new way to study complex supramolecular interactions between ILs and mediums.This review focused on microscopic,mesoscopic and macroscopic supramolecular assembly in extraction systems.First,the interface properties and the process of ion exchange in extraction were summarized.Next,the structures of mesoscopic supramolecular assemblies were reviewed.Finally,the macroscopic supramolecular assembly(MSA)at the interface of extraction systems and its application on separation were emphatically introduced.The MSA process at the interface enriches the extraction methods.And the Marangoni effect presented at the interface supplies a new approach to provide continuous driving force,which is an important scientific problem in the field of MSA.

关 键 词：萃取 宏观超分子组装 离子液体 液-液界面 MARANGONI效应 

分 类 号：O615.1[理学—无机化学]