2014—2019年贵州省人民医院儿童患者感染病原菌分布及耐药性分析  

Distribution and Drug Resistance of Pathogenic Bacteria Infected by Children in Our Hospital from 2014 to 2019

作　　者：金婷婷[1] 张华[1] 罗湘蓉[1] 胡方芳[1] 许永杰 蒲海[1] 李红凌[1] 卢志顺 李琴 刘家玲[1] 陈瑢 邢吉燕[1] Jing Ting-ting;Zhang Hua;Luo Xiang-rong;Hu Fang-fang;Xu Yong-jie;Pu Hai;Li Hong-ling;Lu Zhi-sun;Li Qing;Liu Jia-ling;Chen Rong;Xing Ji-yan(Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital,Gxiiyang 550001)

机构地区：[1]贵州省人民医院,贵阳550001

出　　处：《国外医药（抗生素分册）》2021年第5期303-307,315,共6页World Notes on Antibiotics

摘　　要：目的了解儿童患者感染病原菌的分布及常见病原菌的耐药情况,为儿科临床合理应用抗菌药物提供参考。方法收集2014年至2019年贵州省人民医院儿童患者的各类临床标本,对病原菌的分布及其耐药情况进行回顾性分析。结果共分离出13802株病原菌,革兰阳性菌6110株,占44.3%;革兰阴性菌7692株,占55.7%。药敏结果显示,肺炎链球菌对红霉素、克林霉素以及四环素的耐药率超90.0%,对青霉素G耐药率达59.8%,对头孢菌素类、喹诺酮类抗菌药物敏感性高,未见利奈唑胺、万古霉素耐药菌株。流感嗜血杆菌对氨苄西林耐药率67.3%,对头孢呋辛耐药率为24.3%,头孢克洛耐药率为39.4%,对头孢菌素三代和四代药物、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类、碳青霉烯类敏感。卡他莫拉菌对氨苄西林耐药率为26.8%,复方磺胺甲恶唑耐药率14.5%,四环素10.8%,对喹诺酮类敏感,耐药率在1.0%以下,未见阿奇霉素、氨曲南、亚胺培南、美罗培南耐药。结论临床医生应尽可能在经验性用药之前留取标本,根据致病菌和药敏情况合理使用抗菌药物,以减少耐药菌的出现。Objective To clarify the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance trend of common pathogenic bacteria in pediatric patients,and to provide reference for rational application of antibiotics in pediatric clinic.Methods All kinds of clinical specimens of children patients in Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital from 2014 to 2019 were collected,and the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens were analyzed retrospectively.Result(1)From January 2014 to December 2019,a total of 13802 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from clinical specimens.In terms of pathogenic bacteria composition,the number of Gram-positive bacteria was 6110,accounting for 44.3%of the total number of strains.The number of Gram-negative bacteria was 7692,accounting for 55.7%of the total number of strains.(2)The resistant rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae to erythromycin,clindamycin and tetracycline was more than 90%;the resistant rate to penicillin G was 59.8%,which was highly sensitive to cephalosporins and quinolones,and no linezolid and vancomycin resistant strains were found.The drug resistance rate of Haemophilus influenzae to ampicillin,cefuroxime and cefaclor was 67.3%,24.3%and 39.4%,respectively.The drug resistance rate of Moraxella catarrhalis to ampicillin,sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline was 26.8%,14.5%and 10.8%,respectively.Moraxella catarrhalis was sensitive to quinolones,and the drug resistance rate was less than 1%.There was no drug resistance to azithromycin,aztreonam,imipenem and meropenem.Conclusion Clinicians should collect samples as much as possible before experiential drug use,and use antibiotics reasonably according to pathogenic bacteria and drug sensitivity to reduce the emergence of drug resistance bacteria.

关 键 词：细菌耐药监测 儿童 病原菌 

分 类 号：R978.1[医药卫生—药品]