城乡过渡区土壤-蔬菜中重金属耦合分异特征及形成机理解析  

Geographic Distribution and Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals in Soils and Vegetables in Urban Fringe

作　　者：苏辉跃 刘江川 王璐[1,2,3,4,5] 李波 于欢 陈志奎[7] 胡月明[1,2,3,4,5] SU Hui-yue;LIU Jiang-chuan;WANG Lu;LI Bo;YU Huan;CHEN Zhi-kui;HU Yue-ming(College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Land Use and Consolidation,Guangzhou 510642,China;South China Academy of Natural Resources Science and Technology,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Land Information Technology,Guangzhou 510642,China;Key Laboratory of Ministry of Natural Resources for Construction Land Transformation,Guangzhou 510642,China;College of Earth Sciences,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;School of Software Technology,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642 [2]广东省土地利用与整治重点实验室,广东广州510642 [3]广州市华南自然资源科学技术研究院,广东广州510642 [4]广东省土地信息工程技术研究中心,广东广州510642 [5]自然资源部建设用地再开发重点实验室,广东广州510642 [6]成都理工大学地球科学学院,四川成都610059 [7]大连理工大学软件工程学院,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2022年第2期184-193,共10页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0800307);国家自然科学基金(U1901601);广东省科技兴农-农业科技创新及推广项目(2019KJ132)。

摘　　要：重金属污染农业土壤已成为关系粮食安全和人类健康风险的全球性问题。采集天津市武清区的95个农田表层土壤样品和相应的34个蔬菜样品、20个有机肥样品、27个灌溉水样品,并对上述4类样品中Pb、Cu、Cr、Ni、Zn、Cd和As含量进行测定。基于地统计法分析农田土壤重金属的空间分布规律,探索土壤和蔬菜重金属的累积、潜在生态风险以及土壤中重金属的来源。结果表明,Cd和As是土壤主要污染物,Cd在土壤中的有效性最高,其在蔬菜中的平均含量略高于允许阈值(0.02 mg·kg^(-1));蔬菜富集指数显示,Cd和Pb是蔬菜中占主导地位的重金属污染元素,蔬菜对Cd有较强的富集能力;土壤重金属的空间分布特征显示,污染具有不均性,各重金属元素在部分地区出现高值区,表明人类活动对农田土壤环境产生负面影响;根据正定矩阵因子分析模型(PMF)的分析结果,潜在污染源为工业活动(Cd)、农药化肥和地膜影响(As和Pb)、自然来源(Ni、Cu、Cr和As)、有机肥(Zn和Cu)、交通排放(Pb和Cd)以及污水灌溉(Cr、Ni和Pb);造成重金属累积的主要成因是工业活动,包括大气沉降以及工业废水、废渣与废气等排放。Contamination of agricultural soil by heavy metals has become a global issue concerning food security and human health risk.A total of 95 surface soil samples(bulk soil),34 vegetable samples,27 irrigation water samples,and 20 fertilizer samples were collected from Wuqing District,Tianjin,China.The concentrations of heavy metals(i.e.,As,Cd,Cu,Cr,Ni,Pb,and Zn)in these samples were tested.After determining the metal accumulation and potential ecological risks in farmland soil,kriging interpolation and positive matrix factorization(PMF)were used to identify and quantify the sources of soil heavy metals.The results showed that(1)Cd and As were the main contaminants in the soil in the studied area,and Cd had the highest effectiveness in soil,with its average content in vegetables slightly higher than the allowable threshold(0.02 mg·kg^(-1)).(2)The results of the enrichment index of vegetables show that Cd and Pb were the dominant heavy metals in vegetables,and vegetables had a strong enrichment ability to Cd.(3)The spatial distribution of heavy metals in the soil showed that the contaminants were non-homogeneous,and all the heavy metals showed high-value areas in some parts of the studied area,indicating the negative effects of human activities on the soil environment of farmlands.(4)Industrial activity(for Cd),effects of pesticides,fertilizers,and plastic film mulching(for As and Pb),natural sources(for Ni,Cu,Cr,and As),Organic fertilizer(for Zn and Cu),traffic discharges(for Pb and Cd)and sewage irrigation(for Cr,Ni,and Pb)were ascertained as the potential sources based on the Positive matrix factorization(PMF)analysis results.(5)The accumulation of heavy metals in the studied area was mainly caused by industrial activities,including atmospheric deposition,the discharge of industrial waste water,the disposal of waste residue,and the emission of waste gas,and so on.

关 键 词：重金属 风险评估 来源解析 正定矩阵因子分解模型 蔬菜 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]