黄河下游2种自然湿地脱氮效能及其影响因素研究  

The Denitrification Efficiency of Two Types of Natural Wetlands in the Downstream of Yellow River and the Influencing Factors

作　　者：徐超 郑瑞文 武斌 XU Chao;ZHENG Rui-wen;WU Bin(Jinan Qingyuan Water Affairs Group Co.Ltd.,Jinan 250010,China;School of Municipal&Environmeatal Engineering,Shandong Jianzhu University,Jinan 250010,China)

机构地区：[1]济南市清源水务集团有限公司,山东济南250010 [2]山东建筑大学市政与环境工程学院,山东济南250010

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2022年第2期259-265,共7页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07404-003);山东省重点研发计划(2018GSF117014)。

摘　　要：为研究季节性因素和不同类型自然湿地对硝酸盐去除效率的影响,2019—2020年通过构建一级水动力学模型,分季节评估鹊山水库人工强化湿地和生态促进湿地2种湿地的脱氮效能和影响因素。结果表明:(1)从全年估计,人工强化湿地硝酸盐面积去除速率常数(k)为(0.285±0.170) m·d^(-1),高于生态促进湿地[(0.144±0.143)] m·d^(-1)。(2)非汛期黄河水硝酸盐浓度[(3.86±0.61) mg·L^(-1)]较汛期[(2.52±0.66) mg·L^(-1))]显著升高。汛期2种湿地k均显著高于非汛期(P<0.01)。(3)非汛期温度(T)和溶解氧(DO)浓度显著影响自然湿地的性能(P<0.05),但在汛期只有溶解氧促进了硝酸盐去除(P<0.05)。人工强化湿地采用分区交替混合种植的设计,具有较高的植物种群密度和多样性,可以提高脱氮效能。黄河下游硝酸盐浓度和湿地效能具有较强的季节性,汛期的脱氮效能较高。在4×10^(5)m^(3)·d^(-1)的引水量下,2种湿地作为缓冲区可以持续有效地去除硝酸盐。For understanding the influence of different seasons and different types of natural wetlands on the efficiency of denitrification and the influencing factors, a first-order hydrodynamic model was constructed and an evaluation was made seasonally during 2019-2020 on the denitrification efficiency of two types of wetlands(i.e., artificially-enhanced natural wetland and ecologically-enhanced natural wetland) in Queshan reservoir. The results show tha: The denitrification rate constant(k) of the artificially-enhanced natural wetland [(0.285±0.170) m·d^(-1)] was higher than that of the ecologically-enhanced natural wetland [(0.144±0.143) m·d^(-1)] throughout the year. The concentration of nitrate in the Yellow River in non-flood season [(3.86±0.61) mg·L^(-1)] was significantly higher than that in flood season [(2.52±0.66) mg·L^(-1)]. For both of the two types of wetlands, the denitrification rate constant k in flood season was significantly higher than that in non-flood season(P <0.01). In non-flood season, temperature and dissolved oxygen also had significant impact on the performance of natural wetlands(P<0.05). However, in flood season, only dissolved oxygen contributed to the denitrification(P<0.05). As revealed in the results, by adopting alternatively mixed planting design in zones, the diversity and density of vegetation in artificially-enhanced natural wetland were increased, leading to higher denitrification efficiency. In the downstream of Yellow River, the concentration of nitrate and the denitrification efficiency of wetland have strong seasonal characteristics and the denitrification efficiency in flood season is relatively high. When the water diversion amount is 4×10^(5)m^(3)·d^(-1), the two types of wetlands can serve as buffer zones to support continuous and effective denitrification.

关 键 词：黄河 自然湿地 硝酸盐 季节 人工强化自然湿地 生态促进自然湿地 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]