不同月份播种对红壤甘蔗干物质与养分积累的影响  

Effects of Planting in Different Months on Dry Matter and Nutrient Accumulation of Sugarcane in Red Soil

作　　者：韦剑锋 韦冬萍[1] 胡桂娟 吴炫柯 罗小芬 赵晓玉[1] 廖文琴 张灵 WEI Jianfeng;WEI Dongping;HU Guijuan;WU Xuanke;LUO Xiaofen;ZHAO Xiaoyu;LIAO Wenqin;ZHANG Ling(Liuzhou Institute of Technology,Liuzhou,Guangxi 545616,China;Guangxi University of Science and Technology,Liuzhou,Guangxi 545006,China;Agro-meteorological Experiment Station of Liuzhou,Liuzhou,Guangxi 545003,China)

机构地区：[1]柳州工学院,广西柳州545616 [2]广西科技大学,广西柳州545006 [3]柳州市农业气象试验站,广西柳州545003

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2022年第2期321-327,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31860593);广西自然科学基金项目(No.2020GXNSFAA297015);柳州市科技计划项目(No.2020PAAA0602)。

摘　　要：甘蔗是广西重要的经济作物。为促进甘蔗高效生产,以甘蔗品种‘桂糖42号’为材料,在田间条件下,依据广西甘蔗主要播种月份,设置2月15日、3月15日、4月15日及5月15日4个播种期,分析新植蔗和宿根蔗干物质积累、养分积累及养分经济效率。结果表明,随播期推迟,新植蔗各器官干物质积累量减少;宿根蔗根、叶干物质积累量增加,茎干物质积累量以3月15日播种最高;两季甘蔗茎干物质积累量为51.88~66.43 t/hm^(2),其中2月15日、3月15日播种较高,5月15日播种最低;新植蔗根、茎的氮、磷及钾积累量,以及氮、磷及钾积累总量减少,叶的氮、磷及钾积累量增加;宿根蔗各器官氮、磷及钾积累量以5月15日播种最高,2月15日播种最低;两季甘蔗氮、磷及钾积累总量分别为327.17~375.54、37.48~43.82、427.51~503.01 kg/hm^(2),均以3月15日播种最高,5月15日播种最低。播种期影响甘蔗干物质与养分分配利用,早播种促进新植蔗干物质和养分向茎分配,提高养分经济效率。可见,甘蔗早播种的生物产量与养分吸收量较高,而5月15日播种的生物产量和养分吸收量大幅减少。Sugarcane is a very important cash crop in Guangxi.The planting area of sugarcane in Guangxi accounts for about 60%of China.The improvement of sugarcane production efficiency in Guangxi is of great significance to the healthy development of sugarcane industry in China.Planting date affects the growth and yield of sugarcane.Study on the absorption and utilization of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in sugarcane at different planting date is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient fertilization and cost-saving production.A field experiment was conducted in 2019–2020 to study the effects of planting date on the dry matter accumulation,nutrient accumulation and nutrient economic efficiency of plant cane and first ratoon by using sugarcane cultivar‘Guitang 42’.Depending on the main planting month of sugarcane in Guangxi,four dates were set,including 15-February,15-March,15-April and 15-May.With delayed planting date,the total dry matter accumulation in different organs of plant cane decreased,that in roots and leaves of ratoon cane increased,but the dry matter accumulation in stalk of ratoon cane reached the highest in the 15-March planting.The dry matter accumulation in stalk of two crops ranged from 51.88 to 66.43 t/hm^(2),and that in the planting in15-February and 15-March was higher,and the planting in 15-May was the lowest.The accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the root and stalk of plant cane was lower,as well as the total accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,but the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the leaf was higher with the delaying of planting.The accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in organs of ratoon cane showed the highest in the planting in 15-May,and that in the planting in 15-March was the lowest.The total accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in two crops was 327.17–375.54、37.48–43.82、427.51–503.01 kg/hm^(2),respectively,and that in the planting in 15-March was the highest while that in the

关 键 词：甘蔗 播种期 干物质 氮 磷 钾 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]