中国桃金娘的地理分布及气候限制性因子分析  

Geographical Distribution of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa and the Limiting Climate Factors in China

作　　者：谢春平 韩维栋[2] 王华辰 刘大伟 杨通文 王章芬 XIE Chunping;HAN Weidong;WANG Huachen;LIU Dawei;YANG Tongwen;WANG Zhangfen(College of Science,Qiongtai Normal University,Haikou,Hainan 571100,China;College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 542088,China;Nanjing Forest Police College/Key Laboratory of State Forest and Grassland Administration on Wild Life Evidence Technology,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]琼台师范学院理学院,海南海口571100 [2]广东海洋大学滨海农业学院,广东湛江542088 [3]南京森林警察学院/野生动植物物证技术国家林业和草原局重点实验室,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2022年第2期409-417,共9页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：广东省林业科技创新面上项目(No.2019KJCX017)。

摘　　要：桃金娘是我国热带地区优良的林木种质资源,具有重要的食用、药用、生态和观赏价值。全面了解桃金娘在中国的地理分布现状,对该物种的引种与资源开发具有重要意义。为了解桃金娘在中国的地理分布格局和影响其分布的关键性气候因子,本研究通过植物标本数据库记录、文献记载及实地调查获取的地理坐标,对其水平地理分布和垂直分布进行地理分布格局分析。同时基于不同分布点的19个生物气候数据,利用主成分分析法分析了影响桃金娘地理分布的限制性因子。结果表明,桃金娘在中国水平地理分布以热带-南亚热带为主,过渡至中亚热带,东部地区的最北分布点位于浙江的平阳。桃金娘垂直分布多集中在海拔500 m以下的低山丘陵区,体现出桃金娘喜温热而不耐寒冷的特性。主成分分析的结果表明,PC1~PC3主成分的贡献率分别为41.23%、22.44%和16.34%,累计贡献率达80.02%(>75%);因此影响桃金娘地理分布的主要信息集中在前3个主成分。主成分1表明温度是限制桃金娘往北及高海拔分布的最关键性因子,尤其是最冷季均温和极端最低温。各生物气候因子对桃金娘分布限制的重要性排序依次为:最冷季均温(Bio11)>极端最低温(Bio6)>年均温(Bio1)>最干季均温(Bio9)>年降水量(Bio12)>最湿月降水量(Bio13)>最湿季降水量(Bio16)>最暖季降水量(Bio18)。桃金娘的适宜分布区以最冷季均温为10℃和极端最低温为4℃以上的区域为佳,影响桃金娘在中国地理分布格局的关键性气候因子是1月的低温。水分因子是反映桃金娘喜欢温暖湿润的气候特点,并非是限制其地理分布的关键性因素。As an excellent forest germplasm resource in tropical areas in China,Rhodomyrtus tomentosa(Ait.) Hassk.has important edible,medicine,ecology and ornamental values.A comprehensive understanding of the current geographical distribution of R.tomentosa in China is important for the introduction and resource development of the species.To understand the geographical distribution pattern of R.tomentosa in China and the key climatic factors affecting its distribution,this study analyzed its horizontal geographical distribution and vertical distribution by using the geographical coordinates records in the plant specimen database,documented in the literature and field survey.Meanwhile,the limited factors of the geographical distribution of R.tomentosa were analyzed using principal component analysis(PCA) based on bioclimatic data from various distribution plots.The horizontal geographical distribution of R.tomentosa was mainly from tropical to southern subtropical,transitioning to the middle subtropical,with the northernmost distribution point in the eastern region located in Pingyang,Zhejiang.The vertical distribution of R.tomentosa was mostly concentrated in the low mountain hilly areas below 500 m,which reflected the features of R.tomentosa that preferred warmth and disliked coldness.The results of principal component analysis showed that the contribution of PC1–PC3 were 41.23%,22.44% and 16.34%,respectively,and the cumulative contribution was 80.02%(>75%);therefore,the main information affecting the geographical distribution of R.tomentosa was concentrated in the first 3 principal components.The results of the PC1 showed that temperature was the most critical limiting factor of R.tomentosa for the northward distribution and at high altitudes,especially mean temperature of coldest quarter and min temperature of coldest month.The order of importance of each bioclimatic factor in limited distribution of R.tomentosa was:mean temperature of coldest quarter(Bio11) > min temperature of coldest month(Bio4) > annual mean temp

关 键 词：桃金娘 生物气候 地理分布 温度 

分 类 号：Q948.2[生物学—植物学]