我国盐湖浮选提钾技术及机理  

Flotation potassium technology and mechanism from salt lake in China

作　　者：惠庆华 权朝明[2] 张慧芳[2] 叶秀深[2] 刘海宁 胡耀强[2,3] 吴志坚 HUI Qing-hua;QUAN Chao-ming;ZHANG Hui-fang;YE Xiu-shen;LIU Hai-ning;HU Yao-qiang;WU Zhi-jian(Qinghai Testing and Computing Center Co.,Ltd.,Xining 810000,China;Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Salt Lakes,Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008,China;College of Ocean and Meteorology,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省测试计算中心有限公司,青海西宁810000 [2]中国科学院青海盐湖研究所,中国科学院盐湖资源综合高效利用重点实验室,青海省盐湖资源化学重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [3]广东海洋大学海洋与气象学院,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《应用化工》2021年第12期3414-3419,共6页Applied Chemical Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金重点支持项目(U20A20150)。

摘　　要：冷分解-正浮选和反浮选-冷结晶是我国应用最广泛的盐湖提钾技术,烷基脂肪胺、烷基吗啉分别为正浮选、反浮选的主要捕收剂,辅以起泡剂、抑制剂,实现钠、钾的高效分离。目前对浮选机理的解释主要有离子交换作用、溶解热效应、表面电荷作用、界面水结构效应,一定程度上对浮选规律和微观机制予以解释。对我国盐湖浮选提钾工艺及机理的研究现状进行了总结,以期为了解我国盐湖钾资源的开发技术现状提供参考。Cold decomposition-positive flotation and reverse flotation-cold crystallization are most widely used potassium extraction technology in salt lakes.Alkyl aliphatic amine and alkyl morpholine are the main collectors of positive flotation and reverse flotation respectively,supplemented by foaming agents and inhibitors to achieve high-efficiency separation of sodium and potassium.At present,the interpretation of flotation mechanism mainly includes ion exchange,dissolution heat,surface charge and interface water structure effect.They can explain flotation results and micro-mechanism within a certain extent.This paper summarizes the progress of potassium flotation technology and mechanism,to provide a reference for understanding the status quo of the development of potassium resources in salt lakes in China.

关 键 词：盐湖 钾盐 浮选方法 浮选机理 

分 类 号：O658.66[理学—分析化学]