非法取得或利用人脸识别信息行为刑法规制论  

Criminal Law Regulation on Illegal Acquisition or Use of Face Recognition Information

作　　者：李振林[1] LI Zhen-lin(School of Criminal Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学刑事法学院,上海201620

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第1期72-83,共12页Journal of Soochow University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“网络时代的社会治理与刑法体系的理论创新”(项目编号:20&ZD199);华东政法大学科学研究项目(项目编号:20HZK006)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：人脸识别信息具备识别特定自然人身份的属性,应属于《刑法》第253条之一规定中的“公民个人信息”。对于非法取得或利用人脸识别信息行为,现行刑法主要存在以下规制困境:一是尚未明确对非法获取、出售或者提供人脸识别信息的行为进行规制;二是尚未对非法存储、使用、加工人脸识别信息等可罚性较高的行为进行规制。人脸识别信息实际上可以归为《解释》所规定的“其他可能影响人身、财产安全的公民个人信息”。对于非法获取、出售或者提供人脸识别信息行为,应通过进一步明确相关司法解释的规定进而将其认定为侵犯公民个人信息罪。对于合法获取公民人脸识别信息后非法存储的行为,可认定为不作为的非法获取人脸识别信息行为,继而以侵犯公民个人信息罪定罪处罚。对于非法使用、加工人脸识别信息的行为,可通过扩大解释侵犯公民个人信息罪中“非法”的范畴甚或增设非法利用公民个人重要信息罪加以规制。Face recognition information has the attribute of identifying the identity of a specific natural person,which should belong to the“citizen personal information”in one of the provisions of article 253 of the Criminal Law.For the illegal acquisition or use of face recognition information behaviors,the existing criminal law has not clearly regulated illegal acquiring,selling or providing face recognition information behaviors,and failed to regulate illegal storing,using,processing face recognition information and other highly punishable behaviors.In fact,face recognition information can be classified as“other citizens’personal information that may affect personal and property safety”as stipulated by judicial interpretation.The illegal acquiring,selling or providing face recognition information behaviors should be further clarified by the relevant judicial interpretation of the provisions and then identified as the crime of infringing personal information of citizens.The illegal storage after the legal access to citizens’face recognition information can be identified as illegal access to face recognition information as inaction,and then identified as the crime of infringing personal information of citizens.The illegal use and processing of face recognition information can be regulated by expanding the definition of“illegal”in the crime of infringing personal information of citizens or even by adding the crime of illegal use of citizens’personal important information.

关 键 词：人脸识别 侵犯公民个人信息罪 个人信息 生物识别 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]