刑罚社会功能化视角下刑法立法观的反思与重塑  

Rethinking and Reconstruction of the Concept of Criminal Law Legislation from the Perspective of Social Functionalization of Penalty

作　　者：马寅翔[1] MA Yin-xiang(School of Law and Criminal Justice,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学刑事法学院,上海201620

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第1期97-110,共14页Journal of Soochow University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：积极主义刑法观与消极主义刑法观并无根本冲突,双方均存在着包括缺乏体系性思考在内的一系列共通问题。在研究范式上,两派均沿袭了古典自由主义的刑法理念,试图借助法律系统内部的自由保障功能评判立法得失。因与立法机关对刑法的社会功能期待存在偏差,这种做法难有成效。造成认知偏差的原因在于未能站在整个社会管理系统层面,对刑法在当代社会治理中的功能进行反思。为扭转这一局面,应重视刑法的行为规制功能,正视刑罚的社会功能化变迁。为此,在思想基础上,应放弃个人主义的古典自由主义理解,接受至善主义的现代自由主义主张;在具体举措上,应构建一套以实现刑罚的积极一般预防功能为导向的立法论研究体系。刑法立法论研究应能提供一套科学的评判标准,以实现对自身研究及立法权的放而不纵。There is no fundamental conflict between the positive and negative concepts of criminal law.Both sides have a series of common problems including the lack of systematic thinking.In terms of research paradigm,they all follow the classical criminal law theory,intending to judge legislation through the function of freedom guarantee inside the legal system.Due to the deviation from the expectation of the legislature on the social function of criminal law,this approach is difficult to be effective.The reason for the cognitive deviation lies in the pattern deviation,that is,the failure to reflect on the function of criminal law in contemporary social governance in the whole social management system.We should attach importance to the act regulation function of criminal law,and take the positive general prevention theory of penalty as a bridge to communicate with the legislature.In order to solve the problem of the modernity of our society,we should give up the individualism tradition of the criminal law theory of the classical liberalism and turn to the supremely good thought of the modern liberalism.In terms of the ideological basis of criminal law theory,we should abandon the tradition of individualism in classical liberalism and turn to the perfectionism of modern liberalism.The research of criminal law legislation theory should provide a set of scientific criteria to realize the reasonable restriction of its own research and legislative power.

关 键 词：法益保护 人权保障 比例原则 刑罚功能 自主自由 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]