大水面生态渔业发展的现状、困境与对策  

Research on Development Status,Issues and Countermeasures for Ecological Fishery of Large-Scale Water

作　　者：刘子飞[1,2,3] 李飞 夏佳佳[2] LIU Zifei;LI Fei;XIA Jiajia(Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Beijing 100141,China;Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding of Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries,Huzhou Zhejiang 313001,China;Key Laboratory of Recreational Fisheries of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas,Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou Guangdong 510380,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院,北京100141 [2]浙江省淡水水产研究所农业农村部淡水渔业健康养殖重点实验室/浙江省淡水水产遗传育种重点实验室,浙江湖州313001 [3]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所农业农村部休闲渔业重点实验室,广东广州510380

出　　处：《生态经济》2022年第3期142-148,共7页Ecological Economy

基　　金：浙江省淡水水产研究所部省级重点实验室开放课题重大项目“新发展阶段渔业现代化:指标体系、量化分析及提升机制”(ZJK202206);湖州师范学院“两山”理念研究院2022年度重点专项课题“湖州市渔业‘双碳’目标及实现路径研究”(LSZ2203);世界自然基金会资助项目“海水散养池塘尾水污染评估及治理对策研究”(PORO000175)。

摘　　要：大水面渔业具有重要地位,其面积、产量分别占全国淡水渔业的46%、15.42%。基于实地调研与文献检索,研究发现:大水面渔业具有多功能性,是渔业实现“绿水青山就是金山银山”的有效途径,可分为三产融合型、水域牧场型、环保网箱型、水库水质保护型、湖泊生态修复型5类。受近年环保风暴的影响,河沟、水库、湖泊养殖面积、产量下降达11%~34%,同时面临社会认知偏见、局部短期经济行为、融合发展层级低等困境。提出坚持生态优先以符合生态强稀缺发展阶段、加大宣传力度以改变社会偏见、完善激励相容机制以诱致大水面渔业的生态化集体行动、内外兼修以延长渔业产业链等四方面对策建议。研究可为大水面生态渔业恢复及有序发展提供参考。Large-scale fisheries play an important role in freshwater fisheries.Its area and yield account for 46%and 15.42%of freshwater fisheries respectively in China.Both theory and practice show that the large-scale fisheries are an effective way to the goals that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.In China,there are five types,which are industrial convergence development,freshwater ranch,ecological cage,reservoir water protection,repair ecology in lake.In recent years,the disassembled of“seine,block,cage”with environmental storm has caused serious negative impacts.Compared with 2016,in 2018,the area of all kinds of large-scale ecological fisheries has decreased by 11%~34%,and it faces social cognition bias,partial or individual short-term economic behavior,insufficient integration and other issues.Focusing on issues and combining the development goals of the new era of fisheries,drawing on typical successful experiences,four countermeasures including of adhering to ecological priorities,increasing publicity,innovating institutional mechanisms,optimizing support policies,and building internal motivation are proposed to promote sustainable development of large-scale ecological fisheries.The paper can provide reference for the restoration and orderly development of ecological fishery of large-scale water.

关 键 词：大水面 生态渔业 淡水渔业 健康养殖 渔业现代化 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学] F307.4