不同基因型水稻适应低磷和水分胁迫的生理调控特征  

Physiological regulation characteristics of different rice genotypes adapting low phosphorus and water stress

作　　者：田仓 吴龙龙 张露 黄晶 朱练峰[2] 虞轶俊 张均华[2] 武美燕[1] 曹小闯[2] 金千瑜[2] TIAN Cang;WU Long-long;ZHANG Lu;HUANG Jing;ZHU Lian-feng;YU Yi-jun;ZHANG Jun-hua;WU Mei-yan;CAO Xiao-chuang;JIN Qian-yu(Engineering Center of Wetland Ecology and Agricultural Utilization,Ministry of Education,School of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou,Hubei 434025,China;State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology,China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 311400,China;Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Administration Station,Hangzhou 310020,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程中心,湖北荆州434025 [2]中国水稻研究所水稻生物学国家重点实验室,杭州311400 [3]浙江省耕地质量与肥料管理总站,杭州310020

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第1期65-73,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：浙江省重点研发计划(2021C02035);国家自然科学基金(31771733);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300106、2016YFD0200800)。

摘　　要：【目的】阐明不同磷水平和水分胁迫对不同基因型水稻生长发育、磷吸收利用的影响及其适应性调控机制,以期为进一步挖掘利用抗逆基因选育水稻新品种,提高稻田水磷资源利用效率提供理论依据。【方法】以常规粳稻(Nipponbare,Nip)、籼稻(Kasalath,Kas)和旱稻502 (Upland rice,U502) 3种不同基因型水稻为供试材料,采用水培培养法对比分析了不同磷水平和水分胁迫对水稻干物质积累、磷吸收、氧化损伤水平、渗透调节物质和抗氧化酶活性的影响。【结果】与正常磷水平相比,低磷胁迫显著抑制了不同基因型水稻(Nip、Kas和U502)生物量和磷吸收累积量,增加水稻根系和叶片氧化损伤水平,且水分胁迫进一步加剧了低磷对Nip和Kas水稻的抑制作用;但是水分胁迫对U502水稻生物量无显著影响。相反,低磷胁迫显著提高了Nip、U502和Kas水稻根系和叶片酸性磷酸酶活性,且Nip和U502水稻可通过增加根系磷含量和磷分配比例增强其低磷胁迫适应能力,而Kas水稻可通过提高其根系生物量和根冠比提高磷吸收利用能力。同时,不同基因型水稻均可通过提高根系和叶片渗透调节物质(如脯氨酸、花青素)和抗氧化酶(如SOD、POD和CAT)活性来提高其抗水分和低磷胁迫能力。【结论】水稻可通过增加根系吸收或吸收后再分配策略、渗透调节物质和抗氧化酶活性提高其低磷和水分胁迫胁迫适应能力,且不同水稻品种间存在显著的基因型差异。【Objective】The study aimed to clarify the effects of different phosphorus levels and water stress on the growth and development, phosphorus uptake and utilization of different genotypes of rice and their adaptive regulatory mechanisms, with a view to providing a theory for further mining and using stress-resistant genes to select new rice varieties and improving the utilization efficiency of water and phosphorus resources in paddy fields in accordance with.【Method】Using conventional japonica rice(Nipponbare,Nip),indica rice(Kasalath,Kas) and upland rice 502(Upland rice,U502) three different genotypes as test materials, the hydroponic culture method was used to compare and analyze the effects of different phosphorus levels and water stress on rice dry matter accumulation, phosphorus absorption, oxidative damage level, osmotic adjustment substances and the effects of antioxidant enzyme activities.【Result】Compared with normal phosphorus level, low phosphorus treatment significantly inhibited the accumulation of dry matter and phosphorus contents in the Nip, Kas and U502 rice cultivars, and increased the levels of oxidative damage in rice roots and leaves.Furthermore, water stress aggravated the inhibitory effect of the low phosphorus on the Nip and Kas cultivars.However, water stress had no significant effect on the biomass of U502 rice.In contrast, low phosphorus stress significantly increased the acid phosphatase activity of roots and leaves in Nip, U502 and Kas rice cultivars.Nip and U502 rice cultivars enhanced their adaptability to low phosphorus stress by increasing root phosphorus content and phosphorus distribution ratio in root, while Kas rice culktivar manily improved its phosphorus absorption and utilization ability by increasing its root biomass and root-shoot ratio.In addition, the three rice genotypes all significantly increased the contents of osmotic adjustment substances(such as proline and anthocyanin) and antioxidant enzymes activities(such as SOD,POD and CAT) in roots and leaves, whic

关 键 词：磷 水分胁迫 生物量 生理特性 适应机制 水稻 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]