商品有机肥替代化肥对春玉米生长、产量及土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of commercial organic fertilizer as substitution of chemical fertilizer on growth, yield of spring maize and soil fertility

作　　者：陈云梅 肖厚军[1] 赵欢[1] 秦松[1] 芶久兰[1] 赵堂甫 胡岗[1] 赵伦学 何成兴[4] 张萌[1] 魏全全 CHEN Yun-mei;XIAO Hou-jun;ZHAO Huan;QIN Song;GOU Jiu-lan;ZHAO Tang-fu;HU Gang;ZHAO Lun-xue;HE Cheng-xing;ZHANG Meng;WEI Quan-quan(Guizhou Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guizhou Agricultural Environment Science Observation Laboratory Station,Ministry of Agriculture,Guiyang 550006,China;Agricultural College of Guizhou University,Guiyang 550006,China;Qianxi County Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Bureau,Qianxi,Guizhou 553000,China;Institute of Agricultural Environmental Resources of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所/农业部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站,贵阳550006 [2]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550006 [3]黔西县农牧局,贵州黔西553000 [4]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明650205

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第1期148-152,共5页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200705)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究覆膜栽培下不同水平商品有机肥替代20%氮肥对春玉米生长及土壤肥力的影响,为促进贵州玉米化肥减施增效提供依据。【方法】以"靖丰8号"玉米为试验材料,设置常规化肥(处理1,CK)、减量20%氮肥+商品有机肥3000 kg/hm^(2)(处理2)、减量20%氮肥+商品有机肥4500 kg/hm^(2)(处理3)的大田覆膜玉米施肥试验,研究不同施肥处理春玉米产量、产量构成、生物性状、养分积累及土壤的肥力效应。【结果】春玉米产量以处理3最高,较处理1增产6.83%,增产达显著水平;各处理玉米穗长、穗行数和秃尖差异不显著,处理3玉米穗粗最粗(54.46 mm)、秃尖最短(0.83 cm)、行粒数最多(40粒);玉米株高、茎粗和穗位高以处理2最优,显著优于其余处理;玉米植株氮、磷和钾吸收量以处理2最大,较处理1分别提高3.33%、3.06%和1.50%,较处理3分别提高5.54%、6.93%和3.70%;处理3较其他处理土壤pH最大、全氮和碱解氮含量最高。【结论】商品有机肥替代20%化肥氮能有效促进玉米生长,提升玉米产量,同时可起到改土培肥的作用;商品有机肥3000 kg/hm^(2)替代20%化肥氮,玉米基本可实现稳产;商品有机肥4500 kg/hm^(2)替代20%化肥氮处理的玉米增产效果最佳,产量构成较优,土壤酸性改良、全氮和碱解氮含量提升效果均最佳。故贵州玉米生产中替代20%化肥氮的商品有机肥推荐用量为4500 kg/hm^(2)。【Objective】The effects of commercial organic fertilizer as the substitution of 20% chemical fertilizer on the growth, yield of spring maize and the soil fertility are explored, which provides reference for enhancing effect and reducing fertilizer application amount of maize in Guizhou.【Method】Taking Jingfeng 8 as the test material, the fertilization experiments of field-grown maize with cover film are implemented with conventional chemical fertilizer(treatment 1,CK),80% nitrogen fertilizer +3000 kg/hm^(2) commercial organic fertilizer(treatment 2) and 80% nitrogen fertilizer +4500 kg/hm^(2) commercial organic fertilizer(treatment 3).【Result】The yield of treatment 3 was the highest, which increases by 6.83% compared with treatment 1,and reached to the significant level.There were little differences in spike length, spike number and barren ear tip with different treatment, but treatment 3 owns the thickest spike(54.46 mm),the shortest barren ear tip(0.83 cm) and the most kernel number per row(40).The plant height, stem diameter and ear height of treatment 2 was the best, which was obviously better than other treatments.The absorption amount of N,P and K in the stem of treatment 3 was the highest, which increases 3.33%,3.06% and 1.50% respectively compared with treatment 1,and increases by 5.54%,6.93% and 3.70% respectively compared with treatment 2.The pH of treatment 3 was bigger than other treatments, and the total nitrogen and alkaline-hydrolysis nitrogen content was the highest too.【Conclusion】Commercial organic fertilizer as the substitution of 20% nitrogen fertilizer is beneficial for the growth, yield of spring maize, and fertility improvement.The stable yield of corn can be realized when 3000 kg/hm^(2) commercial organic fertilizer is substituted for 20% nitrogen fertilizer.The yield, yield composition, total nitrogen and alkaline-hydrolysis nitrogen content are the best, and the soil acid improvement is better when 4500 kg/hm^(2) commercial organic fertilizer is substituted for 20% nitrogen

关 键 词：商品有机肥 春玉米 产量 产量构成 生物性状 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]