基于水土流失经验模型(RUSLE模型)的黄河中游典型小流域水土流失特征分析  

Characteristic analysis of soil and water loss in typical small watersheds of the Middle Yellow River based on RUSLE model

作　　者：孙从建 林若静 郑振婧 王佳瑞 孙九林 SUN Cong-jian;LIN Ruo-jing;ZHENG Zhen-jing;WANG Jia-rui;SUN Jiu-lin(School of Geographical Sciences,Shanxi Normal University,Linfen,Shanxi 041000,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学地理科学学院,山西临汾041000 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第1期200-208,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省高校科技创新项目(2020L0240);山西省应用基础研究项目(201901D211388)。

摘　　要：【目的】采用RUSLE模型,定量分析黄河中游典型小流域水土流失分布特征,为区域水土流失防治提供重要理论支撑。【方法】基于2000年以来Landsat TM和OLI数据,采用RUSLE模型与空间信息技术(GIS和RS)相结合的方法,定量分析黄河中游典型小流域土壤侵蚀的特征,分析得出土壤侵蚀敏感区。【结果】①研究区土壤侵蚀模数整体上呈下降趋势,表明区域水土流失得到了有效控制。②2000—2018年研究区土壤侵蚀得到了有效控制,除轻度侵蚀面积上升外,其余侵蚀面积呈下降趋势,即土壤侵蚀高等级逐步向低等级转移。③研究区土壤侵蚀强度空间分布集中在流域的沟壑地区,在土壤侵蚀发生过程中,侵蚀首先发生在河流两侧,随之向人类活动地区扩散。④该地区在研究期内土壤侵蚀总量相对稳定,水土保持质量呈先增后减的趋势,研究区中部、北部及南部是水土保持的重点区域,尤其是流域沟壑是生态修复最为重要的区域。【结论】本研究为黄河中游小流域水土流失的防治提供了重要理论支撑,其研究结果对于黄河中游生态恢复具有重要的指导意义。【Objective】The RUSLE model was used to quantitatively analyze the distribution characteristics of soil erosion in typical small watersheds in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, and provide important theoretical support for regional soil erosion control.【Method】Based on Landsat TM and OLI data since 2000,the RUSLE model and spatial information technology(GIS and RS) were combined to quantitatively analyze the characteristics of soil erosion in typical small watersheds in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, and the sensitive areas of soil erosion were obtained.【Result】(i)The soil erosion modulus in the study area showed a downward trend on the whole, indicating that the regional soil erosion was effectively controlled.(ii)Soil erosion in the study area had become effectively controlled from 2000 to 2018.Except for the slight increase in erosion area, the other erosion areas showed a downward trend, that was, the high level of soil erosion gradually shifted to the low level.(iii)The spatial distribution of soil erosion intensity in the study area was concentrated in the gully region of the basin.In the process of soil erosion, erosion first occured on both sides of the river, and then spreads to the human activity area.(iv)During the study period, the total amount of soil erosion was relatively stable, and the quality of soil and water conservation showed a trend of first increase and then decrease.The central, northern and southern parts of the study area were the key areas of soil and water conservation, especially the watershed gully was the most important area for ecological restoration.【Conclusion】This study provides an important theoretical support for the prevention and control of soil erosion in small watersheds in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, and the results have important guiding significance for ecological restoration in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.

关 键 词：黄河中游 土壤侵蚀 RUSLE 时空分布 土壤侵蚀因子 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]