生物炭结合氮肥减量对玉米产量和氮效率的影响  

Effects of biochar application combined with nitrogen reduction on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of maize

作　　者：崔文芳[1] 陈静[1] 鲁富宽[1] 秦丽[1] 秦德志[1] 王利平[1] 高聚林[2] CUI Wenfang;CHEN Jing;LU Fukuan;QIN Li;QIN Dezhi;WANG Liping;GAO Julin(Vocational and Technical College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China;Agricultural College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2022年第2期248-254,共7页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：内蒙古自然科学基金(2018MS03011)。

摘　　要：为明确施用生物炭条件下氮高效品种玉米的氮效率和适宜减氮量,以氮高效品种郑单958(ZD)和氮低效品种先玉508(XY)为试验材料,以氮肥用量为主区、品种为副区开展裂区试验设计。试验主区共设置5个处理:C0,不施生物炭,施纯N 300 kg·hm^(-2);C1,施生物炭3000 kg·hm^(-2)和纯N 300 kg·hm^(-2);C1,施生物炭3000 kg·hm^(-2)和纯N 255 kg·hm^(-2);C3,施生物炭3000 kg·hm^(-2)和纯N 210 kg·hm^(-2);C4,施生物炭3000 kg·hm^(-2)和纯N 165 kg·hm^(-2)。结果表明,在搭配施用生物炭的条件下,从氮效率和产量来看,ZD的氮肥适宜用量为165~210 kg·hm^(-2),减氮潜力在90~135 kg·hm^(-2)。在此条件下,ZD的氮效率可较C0处理提高52.8%~93.3%,且其籽粒中积累的氮主要来源于花粒期根系氮的转移。综上,氮肥减量搭配一定量的生物炭施用,可更好地发挥氮高效品种在氮素吸收和利用上的优势,从而在保证产量的基础上实现节氮增效。In order to explore the optimal nitrogen reduction amount and nitrogen use efficiency of N-efficient maize variety,N-efficient maize variety Zhengdan 958(ZD)and N-inefficient variety Xianyu 508(XY)were adopted as test materials in the present study.The split zone test design was introduced with nitrogen rate as the main zone and maize variety as the secondary zone.For the main zone,5 treatments were designed:C0,N rate of 300 kg·hm^(-2) without biochar application;C1,N rate of 300 kg·hm^(-2) with 3000 kg·hm^(-2) biochar application;C2,N rate of 255 kg·hm^(-2) with 3000 kg·hm^(-2) biochar application;C3,N rate of 210 kg·hm^(-2) with 3000 kg·hm^(-2) biochar application;C4,N rate of 165 kg·hm^(-2) with 3000 kg·hm^(-2) biochar application.It was shown that,judged from nitrogen use efficiency and yield,the proper N rate was 165-210 kg·hm^(-2) with biochar application for ZD.In other words,nitrogen reduction potential for ZD was 90-135 kg·hm^(-2) under the given condition,and the nitrogen use efficiency could be elevated by 52.8%-93.3%compared with C0 treatment.Besides,the nitrogen accumulation in grains were mainly transferred from root system at anthesis stage under N rate of 165-210 kg·hm^(-2) with 3000 kg·hm^(-2) biochar application for ZD.In general,proper nitrogen reduction combined with biochar application could exert the advantages of N-efficient variety in nitrogen uptake and utilization,hence to stabilize maize yield with higher nitrogen reduction rate.

关 键 词：玉米 生物炭 氮肥减量 氮效率 氮积累量 

分 类 号：S147[农业科学—肥料学]