地铁站厅至站台楼扶梯口处烟控方案探讨  

Discussion on smoke control scheme at stairs or escalators entrance from station hall to platform in metro station

作　　者：金鑫 倪天晓 彭锦志 冉启兵 文康 张新 Jin Xin;Ni Tianxiao;Peng Jinzhi

机构地区：[1]中联科锐消防科技有限公司,湖南长沙410007

出　　处：《现代城市轨道交通》2022年第2期88-92,共5页Modern Urban Transit

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目(2020JJ7037);长沙市雨花区科技计划项目(YHKJ-2020-CZ-17)。

摘　　要：为保证地铁地下车站站台或轨行区火灾时站厅公共区域的安全,调研现阶段保证站厅到站台楼梯或扶梯口处具有不小于 1.5 m/s 向下气流采取的技术措施,主要有排烟控制方式和防烟空气幕,分析排烟控制方式设计过程中的流速与过流断面面积,认为排烟控制系统中的流速为断面的平均流速,过流断面为站台楼扶梯入口段截面,提出站台除楼扶梯洞口外,不应开设其他门窗洞口,楼扶梯两侧应封闭以及采用辅助排烟的方式增加站台排烟量等技术措施。通过分析防烟空气幕系统的优缺点,得出采用防烟空气幕时,站台区域应设置机械补风系统,补风量不应小于排烟量的 50%,同时开启站台排烟系统。以期为保证地铁地下车站站厅公共区的安全性,选择适用性强、安全及可靠性高、经济合理的技术措施提供参考依据。In order to ensure the safety of station halls and public areas of underground metro stations during fires in the platform or rail track zone,this paper researches the current measures that guarantee downdraft from station hall to the platform stairs or escalators is not less than 1.5 m/s,as well as smoke control methods and smoke-preventing air curtains,and analyses the design of smoke control in the process of flow velocity and flow cross-section areas.It is considered that the flow velocity in the smoke exhaust control system is the average flow velocity in the sections concerned,and the flow cross section is the entrance section of the stairs or escalators in the platform.It is proposed that there should be no other doors and windows except the entrance of the stairs or escalators of the platform,both sides of the stair or escalator should be closed and auxiliary smoke exhaust methods should be adopted to increase the smoke exhaust volume of the platforms.Through analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of smoke-preventing air curtain systems,it is concluded that when smoke-preventing air curtains are adopted,a mechanical makeup air system should be set up in platform area,the volume of makeup air should not be less than 50% of the smoke exhaust volume,and the platform smoke exhaust system should be opened at the same time.In order to guarantee the safety of the public areas of underground metro stations and halls,it provides a reference for selecting technical measures with strong applicability,high safety and reliability,and economic rationality.

关 键 词：地下车站 向下气流 烟气控制 防烟空气幕 

分 类 号：U217[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]