冷涡影响中国对流性大风与冰雹的分布特征  

ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCE OF COLD VORTEXES ON DISTRIBUTION OF CONVECTIVE HIGH WINDS AND HAIL IN CHINA

作　　者：郑永光 宋敏敏[2] ZHENG Yongguang;SONG Minmin(National Meteorological Centre,Beijing 100081,China;Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]国家气象中心,北京100081 [2]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《热带气象学报》2021年第5期710-720,共11页Journal of Tropical Meteorology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1502003);国家自然科学基金项目(41375051)共同资助。

摘　　要：冷涡会影响到中国北方大部分区域,是导致强对流和暴雨等天气的重要天气尺度系统。基于NCEP(美国环境预报中心)分析资料,给出了冷涡本体和外围共同影响中国的地理分布等气候特征,然后给出了冷涡影响所致的中国雷暴大风、冰雹和龙卷等天气分布及其环境条件特征,进一步给出了2021年中国受冷涡影响对流性大风天气过程。结果发现,除了东北、内蒙古、华北和黄淮等地显著受冷涡影响外,冷涡中心最南可位于山东附近,外围最南可以影响到华南。东北、内蒙古、华北和黄淮等地大部分区域的雷暴大风和冰雹天气显著受到冷涡的影响,这些天气通常具备了非常有利的环境条件,占相应天气年平均日数的百分比超过60%、部分区域超过80%,显著高于雷暴天气。冷涡影响的龙卷通常发生在冷涡外围西南侧、南侧或东南侧。2021年中国受冷涡影响的雷暴大风和龙卷过程大多发生于春季和夏季,春季的这些过程都只发生在冷涡南侧外围。Cold vortexes affect most of northern China and are important synoptic-scale systems that cause severe convective weather and heavy precipitation.Based on the reanalysis data from the National Centers of Environmental Prediction of the United States(NCEP),this paper presents the climatological characteristics of the main bodies and the peripheries of the cold vortexes affecting China,and then investigates the distribution and the characteristics of the environmental conditions of convective high winds,tornadoes and hail affected by these cold vortexes,and finally discusses the convective high wind processes affected by the cold vortexes in China in 2021.In addition to Northeast China,Inner Mongolia,North China and the Huang-Huai River Basin,the center of cold vortexes can be as far south as the region near Shandong Province,and their peripheries can affect South China.Convective high winds and hail in Northeast China,Inner Mongolia,North China,and Huang-Huai River Basin are significantly affected by cold vortexes.These types of weather usually occur in very favorable environmental conditions,accounting for more than 60%of the annual mean days of corresponding weather and more than 80%in some areas,which are obviously higher than those of thunderstorms.Tornadoes affected by cold vortexes usually occur on the southwest,south,or southeast side of cold vortex periphery.In 2021,convective high winds and tornadoes affected by cold vortexes in China mostly occurred in spring and summer,and those processes in spring only occurred in the south peripheries of cold vortexes.

关 键 词：冷涡 对流 大风 龙卷 冰雹 

分 类 号：P445[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]