丰城市短时强降水天气分型分析  

Weather Classification Analysis of Short-Term Heavy Precipitation in Fengcheng City

作　　者：程小娟 马中元[1] 陈鲍发 饶云花 孙芳 CHENG Xiaojuan;MA Zhongyuan;CHEN Baofa;RAO Yunhua;SUN Fang(Jiangxi Institute of Meteorological Sciences,330046,Nanchang,PRC;Fengcheng Meteorological Bureau,331100,Fengcheng,Jiangxi,PRC;Jingdezhen Meteorological Bureau,333000,Jingdezhen,Jiangxi,PRC)

机构地区：[1]江西省气象科学研究所,南昌330046 [2]丰城市气象局,江西丰城331100 [3]景德镇市气象局,江西景德镇333000

出　　处：《江西科学》2022年第1期56-61,112,共7页Jiangxi Science

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类-XDA19040202);国家自然科学基金项目(41975001);宜春市气象局科研项目(YCKY2021004);中国气象局气象关键技术集成与应用项目(CMAGJ2013M74);中国气象科学研究院开放课题(2012LASWB01);江苏省气象局北极阁开放研究基金(BJG201205)。

摘　　要：为了有效监测丰城短时强降水和预警大暴雨天气的发生,使用自动气象站数据、MICAPS天气图、云图、探空等资料,采用多种分析方法,对丰城市2012—2020年(5—8月汛期)短时强降水过程进行分析,结果表明:1)丰城市20次短时强降水过程有28个短时强降水回波系统个例,最多一次过程出现4个短时强降水回波系统个例,短时强降水最大值为65.6 mm/h;丰城短时强降水的统计是以雷达回波系统来体现,表现在回波形态和组合反射率CR强度上;2)强降水主要出现在5—9月,大部份个例伴有明显的低层辐合,200 hPa有分流区,同时有“上干下湿”“上冷下暖”的温湿场垂直结构,低层辐合与高层辐散相配合导致强降水的发生;3)T-ln P图上强降水过程多伴有深厚的湿层,但中层也会有“干盖”结构,上干下湿导致强对流的发展,触发强降水的发生;4)强降水过程中850 hPa气温平均19.6℃,700 hPa气温平均11℃,500~1000 hPa风垂直切变平均为10 m/s,700 hPa相对湿度平均为89%,500 hPa相对湿度平均为89%,CAPE平均614 J/kg、K指数平均38℃、SI平均-1.11℃,风暴强度指数SSI平均264、0℃层高度平均5220 m、-20℃层高度平均8734 m。这些研究结果对丰城市短时强降水天气有指导意义。In order to effectively monitor the occurrence of short-term heavy precipitation and early warning of heavy rainstorm in Fengcheng,the data of automatic weather station,MICAPS weather map,cloud map,radiosonde and other data are used to analyze the short-term heavy precipitation process in Fengcheng from 2012 to 2020(flood season from May to August).The results show that:1)There are 28 cases of short-time heavy precipitation echo system in 20 short-time heavy precipitation processes in Fengcheng city,and there are at most 4 cases of short-time heavy precipitation echo system in one process;The maximum value of short-term heavy precipitation is 65.6 mm/h.The statistics of short-term heavy precipitation in Fengcheng is reflected by radar echo system,which is reflected in echo shape and combined reflectivity CR intensity.2)Heavy precipitation mainly occurs from May to September.Most cases are accompanied by obvious low-level convergence.There is a diversion area at 200 hPa.At the same time,there is a vertical structure of temperature and humidity field of"upper dry and lower wet","upper cold and lower warm".The combination of low-level convergence and high-level divergence leads to the occurrence of heavy precipitation.3)The heavy precipitation process on the T-ln P diagram is mostly accompanied by a deep wet layer,but there will also be a"dry cover"structure in the middle layer.The upper dry and lower wet will lead to the development of strong convection and trigger the occurrence of heavy precipitation.4)In the process of heavy precipitation,the average temperature at 850 hPa is 19.6℃,the average temperature at 700 hPa is 11℃,the average wind vertical shear at 500~1000 hPa is 10 m/s,the average relative humidity at 700 hPa is 89%,the average relative humidity at 500 hPa is 89%,the average cape is 614 J/kg,the average K index is 38℃,the average Si is-1.11℃,the average wind storm intensity index SSI is 264,the average height of 0℃layer is 5220 m-The average height of 20℃layer is 8734 m.These results have

关 键 词：短时强降水 天气系统分型 T-ln P特征 

分 类 号：P463.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]